Comparison of caudal epidural block with paravertebral block for renal surgeries in pediatric patients: A prospective randomised, blinded clinical trial

J Clin Anesth. 2019 Feb:52:105-110. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.09.007. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Abstract

Study objective: This study was undertaken to compare the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided single-shot caudal block with ultrasound-guided single-shot paravertebral block in children undergoing renal surgeries.

Design: Randomised, interventional, blinded clinical trial.

Setting: Operating rooms of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Patients: 50 children aged 2-10 years, of ASA status I/II, posted for elective renal surgeries.

Interventions: The children were randomised into two groups (Group C-caudal block, Group P-paravertebral block). After induction of general anesthesia, single-shot caudal or paravertebral block was performed under ultrasound guidance, with 0.2% ropivacaine with 1:200000 adrenaline.

Measurements: Time to first rescue analgesia, time to perform blocks, intraoperative and post-operative hemodynamics, post-operative FLACC scores, incidence of complications, parental satisfaction scores were recorded.

Main results: Children in Group P had significantly longer duration of analgesia (p < 0.0004) than Group C. Post-operative FLACC scores (p < 0.005) and analgesic requirements (p < 0.0004) were lower in Group P. The mean fentanyl requirement over 24 h in group P was 0.56 ± 0.82 μg/kg, compared to 1.8 ± 1.2 μg/kg in group C. Parents in Group P reported greater satisfaction (p < 0.02). No complications were seen in either of the groups.

Conclusion: This study showed superior analgesia and parental satisfaction with single-shot paravertebral block in comparison to single-shot caudal block for renal surgeries in children. However, the block performance in children requires adequate expertise and practice.

Keywords: Analgesia; Child; Pyeloplasty; Regional; Single-shot; Ultrasound.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Anesthesia, Caudal / methods*
  • Anesthesia, General
  • Anesthetics, Local
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Humans
  • India
  • Kidney / diagnostic imaging
  • Kidney / surgery*
  • Male
  • Nerve Block / methods*
  • Pain, Postoperative / prevention & control*
  • Patient Satisfaction / statistics & numerical data
  • Prospective Studies
  • Ropivacaine
  • Single-Blind Method
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Ultrasonography, Interventional / methods

Substances

  • Anesthetics, Local
  • Ropivacaine