Protein-repellent and antibacterial effects of a novel polymethyl methacrylate resin

Li Cao; Xianju Xie; Bo Wang; Michael D Weir; Thomas W Oates; Hockin H K Xu; Ning Zhang; Yuxing Bai

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2018.09.007

Protein-repellent and antibacterial effects of a novel polymethyl methacrylate resin

J Dent. 2018 Dec:79:39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.09.007. Epub 2018 Sep 21.

Authors

Li Cao¹, Xianju Xie¹, Bo Wang², Michael D Weir³, Thomas W Oates³, Hockin H K Xu⁴, Ning Zhang⁵, Yuxing Bai⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
² Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Department of Orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China.
³ Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
⁴ Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
⁵ Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China. Electronic address: dentistzhang112@163.com.
⁶ Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China. Electronic address: byuxing@ccmu.edu.cn.

PMID: 30248381
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.09.007

Abstract

Objectives: Heat-cured resins are commonly used in orthodontics; however, there is a high incidence of caries, periodontal diseases and denture-induced stomatitis. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a new bioactive polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin containing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and quaternary ammonium dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), and (2) investigate the effects on mechanical properties, protein-repellency and antibacterial properties.

Methods: MPC and DMAHDM were mixed into a commercial acrylic resin (Nature Cryl™ MC). Mechanical properties were measured in three-point flexure. Surface roughness was assessed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Protein adsorption onto the PMMA resin was measured using a micro bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method. A human saliva microcosm model was used to investigate the live/dead staining and metabolic activity of the biofilms.

Results: Incorporation of 3% MPC and 1.5% DMAHDM into PMMA resin achieved protein repellent and antibacterial capabilities, without compromising the mechanical properties. PMMA resin with 3% MPC + 1.5% DMAHDM had protein adsorption that was 1/6 that of a commercial control (p < 0.05). The PMMA resin with 3% MPC + 1.5% DMAHDM had much greater reduction in biofilm growth than using MPC or DMAHDM alone (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: A bioactive PMMA resin with a combination of strong protein-repellent and antibacterial capabilities was developed for the first time. The new resin greatly reduced the biofilm growth and metabolic activity, without compromising its mechanical properties.

Significance: Novel PMMA resin is promising for applications in orthodontic retainers and orthodontic appliances to reduce biofilm activity and protein adsorption around the resin.

Keywords: Antibacterial capability; Human saliva microcosm biofilm; Mechanical property; Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin; Protein repellent activity.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Acrylic Resins
Anti-Bacterial Agents*
Biofilms
Dental Caries*
Humans
Methacrylates
Polymethyl Methacrylate*

Substances

Acrylic Resins
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Methacrylates
Polymethyl Methacrylate