1 Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe), Policy and Innovation eValuation in Orthopaedic Treatments (PIVOT) Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: elosina@bwh.harvard.edu.