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. 2018 Dec 1;15(suppl_1):S372-S406.
doi: 10.1093/ons/opy263.

A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum-Chapter 9: The Occipital Lobe

Cordell M Baker  1 , Joshua D Burks  1 , Robert G Briggs  1 , Jordan Stafford  1 , Andrew K Conner  1 , Chad A Glenn  1 , Goksel Sali  1 , Tressie M McCoy  2 , James D Battiste  3 , Daniel L O'Donoghue  4 , Michael E Sughrue  1   5
Affiliations

A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum-Chapter 9: The Occipital Lobe

Cordell M Baker et al. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). .

Abstract

In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we seek to show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 9, we specifically address regions relevant to the occipital lobe and the visual system.

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Figures

FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 1.
Anatomic location of medial occipital lobe parcellations shown on the right hemisphere of a cadaver brain. A, Medial view of the occipital lobe. B, Medial view with widening of the calcarine sulcus to show extension of V1. C, Caudal view of the occipital pole. Corresponding labels are shown in the lower right corner of each figure.
FIGURE 2.
FIGURE 2.
Combined structural connectivity of medial surface parcellations. A, Medial and B, lateral views of sagittal plane, C, axial plane, and D, coronal plane are shown. Tracks include V1 (purple), V2 (light blue), V3 (white), and V4 (green).
FIGURE 3.
FIGURE 3.
Functional connectivity of V1 demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 4.
FIGURE 4.
Structural connectivity of V1 in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes. C, Axial and D, coronal views showing projections to the contralateral hemisphere. Purple: white matter tracts of V1 demonstrating connections with the IFOF, MdLF and optic radiations, and FM.
FIGURE 5.
FIGURE 5.
Functional connectivity of V2 demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 6.
FIGURE 6.
Structural connectivity of V2 in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes. C, Axial and D, coronal views showing projections to the contralateral hemisphere. Light blue: white matter tracts of V2 demonstrating connections with the IFOF, ILF, MdLF, and contralateral hemisphere.
FIGURE 7.
FIGURE 7.
Functional connectivity of V3 demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 8.
FIGURE 8.
Structural connectivity of V3 in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes. C, Axial and D, coronal views showing projections to the contralateral hemisphere. White: white matter tracts of V3 demonstrating connections with the IFOF, ILF, MdLF, and FM.
FIGURE 9.
FIGURE 9.
Functional connectivity of V4 demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 10.
FIGURE 10.
Structural connectivity of V4 in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes. C, Axial and D, coronal views showing projections to the contralateral hemisphere. Green: white matter tracts of V4 demonstrating connections with the ILF, MdLF, and portions of IFOF.
FIGURE 11.
FIGURE 11.
Anatomic location of basal occipital lobe parcellations shown on the right hemisphere of a cadaver brain. A, Ventral view of the occipital lobe. B, Ventral view with widening of the collateral sulcus to show extension of VMV2, VMV3, PHA2, and PHA3. Corresponding labels are shown in the lower right corner of each figure.
FIGURE 12.
FIGURE 12.
Combined structural connectivity of basal surface parcellations. A, Medial and B, lateral views of sagittal plane, C, axial plane, and D, coronal plane are shown. Tracks include V8 (turquoise), PIT (dark blue), FFC (pink), VVC (gray), VMV1 (orange), VMV2 (light green), and VMV3 (purple).
FIGURE 13.
FIGURE 13.
Functional connectivity of V8 demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 14.
FIGURE 14.
Structural connectivity of V8 in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, coronal view showing. Turquoise: white matter tracts of V8 demonstrating connections with the ILF and VOF.
FIGURE 15.
FIGURE 15.
Functional connectivity of PIT demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 16.
FIGURE 16.
Structural connectivity of PIT in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, coronal view showing. Dark blue: white matter tracts of PIT demonstrating connections with the VOF and its surrounding parcellations.
FIGURE 17.
FIGURE 17.
Functional connectivity of FFC demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 18.
FIGURE 18.
Structural connectivity of FFC in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, coronal view showing. Pink: white matter tracts of FFC demonstrating connections with the ILF.
FIGURE 19.
FIGURE 19.
Functional connectivity of VVC demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 20.
FIGURE 20.
Structural connectivity of VVC in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, coronal view showing. Gray: white matter tracts of VVC demonstrating connections with the ILF and VOF.
FIGURE 21.
FIGURE 21.
Functional connectivity of VMV1 demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 22.
FIGURE 22.
Structural connectivity of VMV1 in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, coronal view showing. Orange: white matter tracts of VMV1 demonstrating connections with the ILF and VOF.
FIGURE 23.
FIGURE 23.
Functional connectivity of VMV2 demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 24.
FIGURE 24.
Structural connectivity of VMV2 in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, coronal view. Light green: white matter tracts of VMV2 demonstrating connections with the ILF, IFOF, and VOF.
FIGURE 25.
FIGURE 25.
Functional connectivity of VMV3 demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 26.
FIGURE 26.
Structural connectivity of VMV3 in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, coronal view. Purple: white matter tracts of VMV3 demonstrating connections with the ILF and VOF.
FIGURE 27.
FIGURE 27.
Anatomic location of superior occipital lobe parcellations shown on the right hemisphere of a cadaver brain. A, Medial view of the occipital lobe with widening of the parietoccipital sulcus to show extension DVT and POS2. B, Posterior view of occipital lobe. Corresponding labels are shown in the lower right corner of each figure.
FIGURE 28.
FIGURE 28.
Combined structural connectivity of superior surface parcellations. A, Medial and B, lateral views of sagittal plane, C, axial plane, and D, coronal plane are shown. Tracks include V6 (orange), V6A (light green), V7 (red), V3A (pink), and V3B (dark blue).
FIGURE 29.
FIGURE 29.
Functional connectivity of V6 demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 30.
FIGURE 30.
Structural connectivity of V6 in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, oblique view. Orange: white matter tracts of V6 demonstrating connections with the IFOF, MdLF, and FM.
FIGURE 31.
FIGURE 31.
Functional connectivity of V6A demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 32.
FIGURE 32.
Structural connectivity of V6A in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, coronal view. Light green: white matter tracts of V6A demonstrating connections with the IFOF and MdLF.
FIGURE 33.
FIGURE 33.
Functional connectivity of V7 demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 34.
FIGURE 34.
Structural connectivity of V7 in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, axial view. Red: white matter tracts of V7 demonstrating connections with the IFOF, MdLF, and ILF.
FIGURE 35.
FIGURE 35.
Functional connectivity of V3A demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 36.
FIGURE 36.
Structural connectivity of V3A in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, coronal view. Pink: white matter tracts of V3A demonstrating connections with the IFOF, MdLF, and FM.
FIGURE 37.
FIGURE 37.
Functional connectivity of V3B demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 38.
FIGURE 38.
Structural connectivity of V3B in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, coronal view showing. Dark blue: white matter tracts of V3B demonstrating connections with local parcellations.
FIGURE 39.
FIGURE 39.
Anatomic location of lateral occipital lobe parcellations shown on the right hemisphere of a cadaver brain. Oblique lateral view of the occipital lobe. Corresponding labels are shown in the lower right corner of each figure.
FIGURE 40.
FIGURE 40.
Combined structural connectivity of lateral surface parcellations. A, Medial and B, lateral views of sagittal plane, and C, coronal plane are shown. Tracks include V3cd (light blue), LO1 (light green), LO2 (purple), LO3 (turquoise), V4t (green), MT (yellow), MST (orange), FST (pink), and PH (gray).
FIGURE 41.
FIGURE 41.
Functional connectivity of V3cd demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 42.
FIGURE 42.
Structural connectivity of V3cd in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. A, Sagittal, B, axial, and C, coronal planes. Light blue: white matter tracts of V3cd demonstrating connections with local parcellations.
FIGURE 43.
FIGURE 43.
Functional connectivity of LO1 demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 44.
FIGURE 44.
Structural connectivity of LO1 in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, coronal view. Light green: white matter tracts of LO1 demonstrating connections with local parcellations.
FIGURE 45.
FIGURE 45.
Functional connectivity of LO2 demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 46.
FIGURE 46.
Structural connectivity of LO2 in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, axial view. Purple: white matter tracts of LO2 demonstrating connections with local parcellations.
FIGURE 47.
FIGURE 47.
Functional connectivity of LO3 demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 48.
FIGURE 48.
Structural connectivity of LO3 in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. A, Sagittal, B, axial, and C, coronal planes. Turquoise: white matter tracts of LO3 demonstrating connections with ILF and local parcellations.
FIGURE 49.
FIGURE 49.
Functional connectivity of V4t demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 50.
FIGURE 50.
Structural connectivity of V4t in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, coronal view. Green: white matter tracts of V4t demonstrating connections with local parcellations.
FIGURE 51.
FIGURE 51.
Functional connectivity of MT demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 52.
FIGURE 52.
Structural connectivity of MT in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, coronal view. Yellow: white matter tracts of MT demonstrating connections with ILF.
FIGURE 53.
FIGURE 53.
Functional connectivity of MST demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 54.
FIGURE 54.
Structural connectivity of MST in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, coronal view. Orange: white matter tracts of MST demonstrating connections with ILF.
FIGURE 55.
FIGURE 55.
Functional connectivity of FST demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 56.
FIGURE 56.
Structural connectivity of FST in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, axial view. Pink: white matter tracts of FST demonstrating connections with SLF and ILF.
FIGURE 57.
FIGURE 57.
Functional connectivity of PH demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 58.
FIGURE 58.
Structural connectivity of PH in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, axial view. Gray: white matter tracts of PH demonstrating connections with SLF and ILF.
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