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. 2018 Dec 1;15(suppl_1):S245-S294.
doi: 10.1093/ons/opy260.

A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum-Chapter 6: The Temporal Lobe

Cordell M Baker  1 , Joshua D Burks  1 , Robert G Briggs  1 , Camille K Milton  1 , Andrew K Conner  1 , Chad A Glenn  1 , Goksel Sali  1 , Tressie M McCoy  2 , James D Battiste  3 , Daniel L O'Donoghue  4 , Michael E Sughrue  1   5
Affiliations

A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum-Chapter 6: The Temporal Lobe

Cordell M Baker et al. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). .

Abstract

In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 6, we specifically address regions relevant to the temporal lobe.

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Figures

FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 1.
Anatomic view of the STS parcellations shown on the right hemisphere of a cadaver brain. A, Lateral view of the temporal lobe. B, Lateral view of the temporal lobe with widening of the superior bank of the STS to show the extent of STSda and STSdp. C, Lateral view of the temporal lobe with widening of the inferior bank of the STS to show the extent of STSva and STSvp.
FIGURE 2.
FIGURE 2.
Combined structural connectivity of the STS parcellations, shown on T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. A to C, Three sagittal views from A, most lateral to B, and C, most medial. D, Axial view. Tracks correspond to STSda (red), STSdp (blue), STSva (purple), and STSvp (orange).
FIGURE 3.
FIGURE 3.
Functional connectivity of STSda demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 4.
FIGURE 4.
Structural connectivity of STSda in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. A-C, Three sagittal views from A, most lateral to B, and C, most medial showing projections to the frontal and occipital lobes. Red: white matter tracts of STSda demonstrating connections with arcuate/SLF, MdLF, and the “u” fibers of the occipito-temporal system.
FIGURE 5.
FIGURE 5.
Functional connectivity of STSdp demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 6.
FIGURE 6.
Structural connectivity of STSdp in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, lateral and B, medial planes and C, axial views showing projections to the frontal and occipital lobes. Dark blue: white matter tracts of STSdp demonstrating connections with arcuate/SLF and the “u” fibers of the occipitotemporal system.
FIGURE 7.
FIGURE 7.
Functional connectivity of STSva demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 8.
FIGURE 8.
Structural connectivity of STSva in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. A to C, Three sagittal views from A, most lateral to B, and C, most medial showing projections to the frontal and occipital lobes. Purple: white matter tracts of STSva demonstrating connections with the arcuate/SLF, MdLF, the “u” fibers of the occipito-temporal system.
FIGURE 9.
FIGURE 9.
Functional connectivity of STSvp demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 10.
FIGURE 10.
Structural connectivity of STSvp in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, lateral and B, medial planes and C, axial views showing projections to the frontal and occipital lobes, and Inferior Parietal Lobule. Light orange: white matter tracts of STSvp projecting to the arcuate/SLF and the “u” fibers of the occipito-temporal system.
FIGURE 11.
FIGURE 11.
Anatomic view of the TE1 parcellations shown on the right hemisphere of a cadaver brain.
FIGURE 12.
FIGURE 12.
Combined structural connectivity of the TE1 parcellations, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, lateral and B, medial planes. C, Axial view. D, Coronal view. Tracks correspond to TE1a (white), TE1m (pink), TE1p (blue), and PHT (light green).
FIGURE 13.
FIGURE 13.
Functional connectivity of TE1a demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 14.
FIGURE 14.
Structural connectivity of TE1a in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. A to C, Three sagittal views from A, most lateral to B and C, most medial showing projections to the frontal and occipital lobes and inferior parietal lobule. White: white matter tracts of TE1a demonstrating connections with arcuate/SLF, the “u” fibers of the occipito-temporal system, and the ILF.
FIGURE 15.
FIGURE 15.
Functional connectivity of TE1m demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 16.
FIGURE 16.
Structural connectivity of TE1m in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, lateral and B, medial planes and C, axial views showing projections to frontal and occipital lobes and inferior parietal lobule. Light pink: white matter tracts of TE1m demonstrating connections with the arcuate/SLF and the “u” fibers of the occipito-temporal system.
FIGURE 17.
FIGURE 17.
Functional connectivity of TE1p demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 18.
FIGURE 18.
Structural connectivity of TE1p in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, lateral and B, medial planes and C, coronal views showing projections to the frontal and occipital lobes and inferior parietal lobule. Light green: white matter tracts of TE1p demonstrating connections with the arcuate/SLF and the “u” fibers of the occipito-temporal system.
FIGURE 19.
FIGURE 19.
Functional connectivity of PHT demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 20.
FIGURE 20.
Structural connectivity of PHT in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, lateral and B, medial planes and C, coronal views showing projections to the frontal and occipital lobe and inferior parietal lobule. Dark green: white matter tracts of PHT demonstrating connections with the arcuate/SLF and the “u” fibers of the occipitotemporal system.
FIGURE 21.
FIGURE 21.
Anatomic view of the TE2 and TF parcellations shown on the right hemisphere of a cadaver brain. A, Inferior view of the temporal lobe. B, Lateral view of temporal lobe.
FIGURE 22.
FIGURE 22.
Combined structural connectivity of the TE2 and TF parcellations, shown on T1-weighted MR images. A-C, Three sagittal views from A, most lateral to B and C, most medial. D, Axial view. Tracks correspond to TE2a (orange), TE2p (light blue), and TF (green)
FIGURE 23.
FIGURE 23.
Functional connectivity of TE2a demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 24.
FIGURE 24.
Structural connectivity of TE2a in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. A-C, Three sagittal views from A, most lateral to B and C, most medial showing projections to the frontal and occipital lobe and inferior parietal lobule. Light orange: white matter tracts of TE2a demonstrating connections with arcuate/SLF and ILF.
FIGURE 25.
FIGURE 25.
Functional connectivity of TE2p demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 26.
FIGURE 26.
Structural connectivity of TE2p in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. A to C, Three sagittal views from A, most lateral to B and C, most medial showing projections to frontal lobe. Light blue: white matter tracts of TE2p demonstrating connections with the arcuate/SLF.
FIGURE 27.
FIGURE 27.
Functional connectivity of TF demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 28.
FIGURE 28.
Structural connectivity of TF in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, lateral and B, medial planes, and C, axial views showing projections to the occipital lobe. Light green: white matter tracts of TF demonstrating connections with the ILF.
FIGURE 29.
FIGURE 29.
Anatomic view of the TG parcellations shown on the right anterior temporal pole of a cadaver brain.
FIGURE 30.
FIGURE 30.
Combined structural connectivity of the TG parcellations, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, lateral and B, medial planes. C, Axial view. Tracks correspond to TGd (white) and TGv (blue).
FIGURE 31.
FIGURE 31.
Functional connectivity of TGd demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 32.
FIGURE 32.
Structural connectivity of TGd in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, lateral and B, medial planes and C, axial views showing projections to the frontal and occipital lobes. White: white matter tracts of TGd demonstrating connections with the uncinate fasciculus and ILF.
FIGURE 33.
FIGURE 33.
Functional connectivity of TGv demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 34.
FIGURE 34.
Structural connectivity of TGv in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. A and B, Sagittal and C, axial views showing projections to the occipital lobe. Light blue: white matter tracts of TGv demonstrating connections with the ILF.
FIGURE 35.
FIGURE 35.
Anatomic view of the medial temporal parcellations shown on the right hemisphere of a cadaver brain. A, Inferior view of the temporal lobe. B, Inferomedial view demonstrating the parahippocampal gyrus parcellations of the temporal lobe. C, Inferomedial view of the temporal lobe with widening of the collateral sulcus to show the extent of PHA3 and VMV3. D, Medial view of the temporal lobe with widening of retrosplenial space to show extension of PreS.
FIGURE 36.
FIGURE 36.
Combined structural connectivity of the medial temporal parcellations, shown on T1-weighted MR images. A to C, Three sagittal views from A, most lateral to B, and C, most medial. D, Coronal view. Tracks correspond to PreS (red), EC (light blue), PeEc (purple), PHA1 (light green), PHA2 (yellow), and PHA3 (orange).
FIGURE 37.
FIGURE 37.
Functional connectivity of PreS demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 38.
FIGURE 38.
Structural connectivity of PreS in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, coronal views showing projections to the cingulum, occipital lobe, and the contralateral hemisphere. Dark green: white matter tracts of PreS demonstrating connections with the cingulate fibers.
FIGURE 39.
FIGURE 39.
Functional connectivity of EC demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 40.
FIGURE 40.
Structural connectivity of EC in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes and C, axial views showing projections to the cingulum and parieto-occipital sulcus. Light blue: white matter tracts of EC demonstrating connections with the cingulate fibers.
FIGURE 41.
FIGURE 41.
Functional connectivity of PeEC demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 42.
FIGURE 42.
Structural connectivity of PeEc in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. Sagittal views of A, medial and B, lateral planes, and C, axial views showing projections to the occipital lobe. Purple: white matter tracts of PeEC demonstrating connections with ILF.
FIGURE 43.
FIGURE 43.
Functional connectivity of PHA1 demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 44.
FIGURE 44.
Structural connectivity of PHA1 in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. A-C, Three sagittal views from A, most lateral to B and C, most medial showing projections to the inferior temporal lobe and the occipital lobe. Light green: white matter tracts of PHA1 demonstrating connections posteriorly and anteriorly with local parcellations.
FIGURE 45.
FIGURE 45.
Functional connectivity of PHA2 demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 46.
FIGURE 46.
Structural connectivity of PHA2 in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. A to C, Three sagittal views from A, most lateral to B, and C, most medial showing projections to the inferior temporal lobe and the occipital lobe. Light blue: white matter tracts of PHA2 demonstrating connections with the ILF.
FIGURE 47.
FIGURE 47.
Functional connectivity of PHA3 demonstrated on an inflated left hemisphere. A, Lateral and medial views. B, Rostral and caudal views. C, Dorsal and ventral views. Parcellations with the strongest functional connectivity are shown in yellow. Pink arrows designate the parcellation of interest.
FIGURE 48.
FIGURE 48.
Structural connectivity of PHA3 in the left hemisphere, shown on T1-weighted MR images. A-C, Three sagittal views from A, most lateral to B, and C, most medial showing projections to the inferior temporal lobe and the occipital lobe. Light orange: white matter tracts of PHA3 demonstrating connections with the ILF.
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