Factor Structure of Urdu Version of the Flourishing Scale

Fahad R Choudhry; Yaser M Al-Worafi; Bushra Akram; Mirza A Ahmed; Muhammad Anwar Ul Haq; Tahir Mehmood Khan; Inayat U Rehman; Nadia Barki; Khadeeja Munawar; Anila Kamal; Yaman W Kassab; Faizah S Bakrin; Karen J Golden

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01513

Factor Structure of Urdu Version of the Flourishing Scale

Front Psychol. 2018 Sep 19:9:1513. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01513. eCollection 2018.

Authors

Fahad R Choudhry^{1

2}, Yaser M Al-Worafi³, Bushra Akram⁴, Mirza A Ahmed⁵, Muhammad Anwar Ul Haq⁵, Tahir Mehmood Khan^{6

7}, Inayat U Rehman⁸, Nadia Barki², Khadeeja Munawar^{1

9}, Anila Kamal², Yaman W Kassab¹⁰, Faizah S Bakrin¹¹, Karen J Golden¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
² National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
³ Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
⁴ Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
⁵ Department of Management Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
⁶ Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
⁷ Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
⁸ Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
⁹ Department of Psychology, University of Wah, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
¹⁰ Department of Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, Cyberjaya, Malaysia.
¹¹ School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, Malaysia.

Abstract

Background: A great deal of research has been carried out on the assessment of the eudaimonic perspective of psychological well-being and the hedonic perspective of subjective well-being. The Flourishing Scale (FS) has been extensively used in research and practice, as it assesses the fundamental aspects of social psychological functioning. Nevertheless, the psychometric properties of Urdu versions of eudaimonic measures, such as the FS, have not yet been ascertained. The translation and validation of the FS in the Urdu language was not available, and hence this study was planned with the aim to validate the Urdu version of the FS. Methods: We assessed the psychometric properties of the FS in a sample of adults aged 18 years and above in Pakistan (N = 130) using exploratory factor analysis based on principal component analysis with varimax rotation and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The exploratory factor analysis confirmed the unidimensional nature of the 8-item FS. We assessed that the Urdu version of the FS showed a high internal consistency reliability (α = 0.914) with a significant intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), p < 0.001). In our study, the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin value was 0.915 with a chi-square test value (χ²) of 637.687, and Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant (df = 28, p < 0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) at test-retest for all domains were statistically significant (p < 0.001) and showed excellent agreement for all the items. The revised confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good-fit model, but with item 8-"People respect me"-removed due to its lower factor loading. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the FS is a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing social psychological functioning among adults in Pakistan. Therefore, the validated Urdu version of the FS may be used in future studies of well-being in clinical psychology and positive psychology.

Keywords: Pakistan; confirmatory factor analysis; flourishing; mental well-being; positive psychology; psychological well-being; psychometric properties; social psychological functioning.