Effects of Carbohydrate, Caffeine, and Guarana on Cognitive Performance, Perceived Exertion, and Shooting Performance in High-Level Athletes

Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019 May 1;14(5):576-582. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0865. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the effect of ingesting carbohydrate (CHO), caffeine (CAF), and a guarana complex (GUAc) during a running exercise on cognitive performance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and shooting performance in high-level modern pentathlon athletes. Methods: A total of 10 athletes completed 4 counterbalanced sessions within a 2-wk period, corresponding to ingestions of CHO (30 g), GUAc (300 mg), CAF (200 mg), or placebo. The exercise involved a 40-min run on a treadmill at a steady speed, previously determined as a "somewhat hard" exercise (RPE 13). Shooting and cognitive performance (Simon task) were assessed in 3 phases: before exercise and ingestion, before exercise and after half ingestion, and after exercise and full ingestion. Drinks were consumed 40 min (250 mL) and 5 min (125 mL) prior to exercise and after 20 min of running (125 mL). RPE was assessed at 10-min intervals during exercise. Results: There was an interaction between drink and exercise on mean reaction time (P = .01, ηp2=.41 ) and a drink effect on RPE (P = .01, ηp2=.15 ). CHO, CAF, and GUAc enhanced the speed of information processing after exercise (P = .003, P = .004, and P = .04, respectively), but only CAF and GUAc decreased RPE (P = .002 and P = .02, respectively). Conclusion: The results highlight a beneficial effect of nutritional supplements on information processing and RPE. This finding is particularly interesting as decision-making processes are crucial in the performance of many sports.

Keywords: cognition; exercise; ingestion; nutrition; response inhibition.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Athletes
  • Athletic Performance*
  • Caffeine / administration & dosage*
  • Cognition
  • Dietary Carbohydrates / administration & dosage*
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Paullinia / chemistry
  • Physical Exertion*
  • Plant Preparations / administration & dosage*
  • Reaction Time
  • Running
  • Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Dietary Carbohydrates
  • Plant Preparations
  • Caffeine