Background: Thorough understanding of the morphometry of the ankle joint is crucial to optimize conservative and operative therapy of ankle joint disorders. Despite recent improvements, basic anatomic and biomechanical correlations of the ankle joint including the orientation of the ankle joint axis and joint morphology as its key biomechanical features are not sufficiently recorded to date. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the ankle morphometry to gain information about the ankle joint axis.
Material and methods: In this study 98 high-resolution CT-scans of complete Caucasian cadaver legs were analysed. Using the software Mimics and 3-Matic (Materialize) 22 anatomic parameters of the talocrural joint were assessed, including the length, width and surface area of the tibial and talar articular areas. Additionally, the radii of the articular areas, the medial distal tibial angle and the height of the talar dome were determined.
Results: The radius of the central trochlea tali was 44.6±4.1mm (mean±SD). The central trochlea tali arc length was 40.8±3.0mm and its width was 27.4±2.5mm. Additionally we determined 47.0±4.4mm for the tibial sagittal radius, 27.6±3.0mm for the tibial arc length and 27.4±2.5mm for the central tibial width.
Conclusion: The present study describes the three-dimensional morphometry of Caucasian ankle joints in detail. This dimensional analysis of the ankle joint will inform the development and placements of implants and prostheses.
Keywords: Ankle joint; Ankle joint arthrodesis; CT-scan; Joint axis; Talocrural joint; Total ankle replacement.
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