Background: The prevalence of bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with acute and chronic dacryocystitis and the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility tests are varied in each region. Moreover, the management of dacryocystitis is only based on clinical observations without microbiological evaluation. The present study aimed to identify epidemiologic and etiologic factors of dacryocystitis in our geographical area.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out in the ophthalmology department of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (northwest of Iran) during 2016-2017. Nasolacrimal duct discharges were inoculated to culture media including blood agar, eosin methylene blue, chocolate agar, and Sabouraud agar for the determination of microbial agents. Disc diffusion method with MAST antibiogram discs was used for antibiotic susceptibility tests, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2017.
Results: Of the total 129 patients enrolled in the study, 34.1% had acute dacryocystitis and 65.9% showed chronic type. The result of culture was positive in 75.2% of patients. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas spp., and Candida albicans were the most prevalent microorganisms. The most sensitive antibiotics used against prevalent bacteria were ciprofloxacin (75.9%), ceftriaxone (73.6%), vancomycin (67.8%), and chloramphenicol (60.9%), respectively.
Conclusion: The present study is useful for determining the appropriate antibiotic for systemic treatment of dacryocystitis in our region. Ciprofloxacin and vancomycin are the most sensitive antibiotics against the most common isolated microorganisms in both age groups (under and above 10 years) that can be used for empirical therapy of dacryocystitis in both acute and chronic type.
Keywords: antibiotic susceptibility tests; dacryocystitis; microbiology.