Delayed granulomatous reaction and cutaneous fistula induced by retained electrodes from a cardiac pacemaker in a child

Abstract

Permanent epicardial pacing wires are sometimes left in place and can lead to long-term complications. We report on a case of a granulomatous reaction with a cutaneous fistula secondary to the retained epicardial pacing wires in a child and highlight the relevance of sonography as an additional tool in the diagnosis and management of dermatologic conditions.

Keywords: cardiac pacemaker; cutaneous ultrasound; fistula; foreign body granuloma; pacing-electrodes.