Secretome proteins regulate comparative osteogenic and adipogenic potential in bone marrow and dental stem cells

Ajay Kumar; Vinod Kumar; Vidya Rattan; Vivekananda Jha; Shalmoli Bhattacharyya

doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2018.10.014

Secretome proteins regulate comparative osteogenic and adipogenic potential in bone marrow and dental stem cells

Biochimie. 2018 Dec:155:129-139. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.10.014. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Authors

Ajay Kumar¹, Vinod Kumar², Vidya Rattan³, Vivekananda Jha⁴, Shalmoli Bhattacharyya⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biophysics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
² Department of Nephrology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
³ Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Health Science Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
⁴ Department of Nephrology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India; The George Institute for Global Health, India.
⁵ Department of Biophysics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. Electronic address: shalmoli2007@yahoo.co.in.

PMID: 30367923
DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.10.014

Abstract

Introduction: Dental stem cells (DMSC) have been studied extensively since their early discovery. However, the data regarding osteogenic potential of DMSC with other cell types is sparse and the secretome proteins underlying these differences have not been explored. In this study, we have compared the osteogenic and adipogenic potential of DMSC with Bone Marrow Stem cells (BMSC) and reported the contribution of secretome proteins in controlling their differentiation.

Methods: Osteogenic potential of these stem cells was compared by mineralization assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, immunofluorescence of dentine sialo phosphoprotein (DSPP) & qPCR for osteogenic genes. Adipogenic potential was compared by Oil Red O staining and qPCR for PPAR-γ, leptin & adipsin. Proteomic analysis of secretome was performed by employing WATERS nano Lc-MS/MS system.

Results: We observed a higher osteogenic potential in DMSC, especially dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) as compared to BMSC population but adipogenic potential was found to be better in BMSC as compared to DMSC. Deeper investigations into secretome of these cells by Lc-MS/MS revealed the presence of proteins pertaining to osteogenic and adipogenic lineage. Presence of some important proteins regulating osteogenic (DSPP, BMP7, DDR2, USP9X) and adipogenic differentiation (NCOA2, PEG10, LPA) in secretome of BMSC and DMSC reflected the role of paracrine factors during differentiation.

Conclusion: Our study provides first evidence regarding regulation of osteogenic/adipogenic potential by secretome proteins in DMSC and BMSC. DMSC especially DPSC and its secretome show an inherent tendency for higher osteogenic differentiation and lower adipogenic differentiation, these may be potential candidates for effective future therapy in osteoporosis where disturbance of osteocyte/adipocyte homeostasis is reported.

Keywords: Gene expression; Osteocyte; Proteomics; Secretome; Stem cell.

Publication types

Comparative Study

MeSH terms

Adipogenesis*
Bone Marrow Cells / cytology
Bone Marrow Cells / metabolism*
Cell Differentiation*
Dental Pulp / cytology
Dental Pulp / metabolism*
Humans
Organ Specificity
Osteogenesis*
Stem Cells / cytology
Stem Cells / metabolism*