Graduated exposure to treat fear of hypoglycemia in a young adult with type 1 diabetes: A case study

Pediatr Diabetes. 2019 Feb;20(1):113-118. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12791. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Abstract

Hypoglycemia is a common and dangerous complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Although some worry about hypoglycemia is adaptive, some individuals develop severe and impairing anxiety symptoms about hypoglycemic episodes. This presentation, known as severe fear of hypoglycemia (FOH), is similar to a specific phobia, and becomes problematic when it interferes with one's quality of life or T1D management. Although FOH is common, there have not yet been any treatment studies to address severe and impairing levels of FOH in the T1D population. The purpose of the following case report is to: (a) describe the presentation of a severe case of FOH in a young adult with T1D; (b) demonstrate the effectiveness of graduated exposure therapy for treatment of severe FOH; and (c) provide implications for clinical practice. A previously developed conceptual model for FOH management guided treatment. Treatment using graduated exposure therapy for FOH resulted in reduced worry about low blood glucose (BG) and significant reduction in behaviors to maintain high BG levels. Assessment of FOH and the risk and benefits of using a continuous glucose monitor among individuals with T1D and their families are discussed.

Keywords: anxiety disorders; behavior therapy; diabetes mellitus, type 1, Hypoglycemia; fear.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Anxiety Disorders / blood
  • Anxiety Disorders / etiology
  • Anxiety Disorders / therapy
  • Blood Glucose / analysis
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism
  • Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / instrumentation
  • Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / methods
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / psychology*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / therapy*
  • Fear* / psychology
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemia / chemically induced
  • Hypoglycemia / psychology*
  • Implosive Therapy / methods*
  • Insulin / administration & dosage
  • Insulin / adverse effects
  • Insulin Infusion Systems
  • Male
  • Phobic Disorders / blood
  • Phobic Disorders / psychology
  • Phobic Disorders / therapy*
  • Quality of Life
  • Severity of Illness Index

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Insulin