Posterior tibial perforator-based flaps for leg and foot defects: Indications, limitations, and technical considerations

Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2018 Dec;104(8):1227-1230. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2018.06.018. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Abstract

Background: Covering defects at the lower leg and foot is a common challenge in reconstructive surgery. A flap is often required, and free flaps are widely used. The posterior tibial perforator-based flap constitutes a valuable option in this situation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the reliability of the posterior tibial perforator-based flap, report any complications, and describe the outcomes, with the goal of defining the indications of this flap in the treatment of lower limb defects.

Hypothesis: The posterior tibial perforator-based flap is a useful and reliable option for soft-tissue defect reconstruction at the leg and foot.

Material and method: Patients managed using a posterior tibial perforator-based flap to cover soft-tissue defects of the leg and foot were reviewed retrospectively. A physical examination was performed and radiographs obtained at the last postoperative follow-up visit.

Results: Thirteen patients with a mean age of 46.9 years (range: 25-73 years) were reviewed after a mean follow-up of 19.5 months (range: 16-63 months). The tissue defects were due to compound fractures in 10 patients and to postoperative complications in 3 patients. Mean flap size was 12.3cm by 6.2cm. The donor site was covered by a skin graft in 12 patients and closed primarily in 1 patient. The procedure was successful in 11 (85%) patients.

Discussion: The posterior tibial perforator-based flap is a method of choice for covering soft-tissue defects at the leg and foot. Careful patient selection and flawless technique contribute to minimise the failure rate.

Level of evidence: IV, retrospective study.

Keywords: Ankle; Foot; Perforator flap; Reconstruction.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Foot Injuries / etiology
  • Foot Injuries / surgery*
  • Fractures, Open / complications
  • Humans
  • Leg Injuries / etiology
  • Leg Injuries / surgery*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Patient Selection
  • Perforator Flap* / adverse effects
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Skin Transplantation*
  • Soft Tissue Injuries / etiology
  • Soft Tissue Injuries / surgery*