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. 2018 Oct 9:2018:2812908.
doi: 10.1155/2018/2812908. eCollection 2018.

Investigation on the Antibacterial and Anti-T3SS Activity of Traditional Myanmar Medicinal Plants

Tianhong Li  1 , Dongdong Zhang  2   3 , Thaung Naing Oo  4 , Myint Myint San  4 , Aye Mya Mon  2   3 , Pyae Phyo Hein  2   3 , Yuehu Wang  2 , Chunhua Lu  1 , Xuefei Yang  2   3
Affiliations

Investigation on the Antibacterial and Anti-T3SS Activity of Traditional Myanmar Medicinal Plants

Tianhong Li et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. .

Abstract

Myanmar has a rich pool of, but less known, medicinal plants with traditional knowledge. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory activity of traditional Myanmar medicinal plants against the type III secretion system (T3SS) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium UK-1 χ8956 and the intestinal disease-caused by microbes including S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK-1 χ8956, Proteusbacillus vulgaris CPCC 160013, Escherichia coli CICC 10003, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The EtOH extracts of 93 samples were used to screen the inhibitory activities against the secretion of T3SS effector proteins SipA/B/C/D of S. enterica and the antibacterial activity against S. enterica, P. vulgaris, E. coli, and S. aureus. Out of 71 crude drugs traditionally used, 18 were proofed to be effective either on the growth inhibition of tested bacteria and/or as inhibitors for the T3SS. The EtOH extracts of five plants, Luvunga scandens (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex Wight & Arn. (My7), Myrica nagi Thunb. (My11), Terminalia citrina Roxb. ex Fleming (My21), Thymus vulgaris L. (My49), and Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch.-Ham.) Sweet (My104), showed potent inhibitory activities against the secretion of T3SS proteins SipA/B/C/D of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK-1 χ 8956. Mansonia gagei J.R.Drumm (My3) and Mesua ferrea (Roxb.) L. (My10) showed strong antibacterial activities against P. vulgaris and S. aureus. This study provided the first scientific evidence of T3SS prohibiting and antibacterial properties for the traditional knowledge in Myanmar of using plants as medicines for treating infections and gastrointestinal disease. Further researches are proposed to discover the active chemical compounds and mechanism of L. scandens (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex Wight & Arn, M. nagi Thunb., T. citrina Roxb. ex Fleming, T. vulgaris L., and C. bejolghota (Buch.-Ham.) Sweet as antivirulence drugs and the potential of M. gagei J.R.Drumm and M. ferrea L. as new broad spectrum plant antibiotics.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The screening of the antibacterial activity of crude extract of MTMs. (A) My3 and My10 inhibited the growth of P. vulgaris CPCC 160013. (B) My10, My67, and MY109 inhibited the growth of S. aureus ATCC 25923. (C) The positive dose effects of inhibition on P. vulgaris CPCC 160013 for My10 at three concentrations levels (20, 40, 80 μg), with comparison to positive control (+, Ampicillin, 2 μg) and negative control (-, DMSO, 4 μL). (D). The positive dose effects of inhibition on S. aureus ATCC 25923 for My10 at three concentrations levels (20, 40, and 80 μg), with comparison to positive control (+, Kanamycin, 10 μg), and negative control (-, DMSO, 4 μL).
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) The inhibitory activities of My7, My11, My21, My49, and My104 (80 μg/mL, respectively) against the secretion of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) effector proteins of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK-1χ8956. SipA/B/C/D, SPI-1 effector proteins. (b) The five extracts did not affect the growth of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK-1 χ8956 in vitro. DMSO, negative control; Csn-B, positive control (100 μM). FliC, flagellar filament protein; M, marker.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pictures of 18 crude drugs of traditional medicinal plants with antibacterial and anti-T3SS properties.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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