Patellar tendinopathy, also called jumper's knee, is a painful condition of the knee, mainly activity-related, caused by small tears in the patellar tendon and most commonly seen in sports requiring strenuous jumping; this results in localized patellar tendon tenderness. The tears are typically caused by accumulated stress on the patellar or quadriceps tendon. As the name implies, the condition is common among athletes in jumping sports, where there is a high demand for the speed and power of the leg extensors. These sports often involve high eccentric quadriceps loading, including volleyball, track and field (long jump and high jump), basketball, long-distance running, and skiing.
The condition is most common in men, with a higher incidence among adolescents and young adults. Contrary to traditional belief, a patellar tendinopathy does not involve inflammation of the knee extensor tendons. Studies dating back 40 years describe patellar tendinopathy as a degenerative condition. Patellar tendinopathy is a clinical diagnosis based on detailed history-taking and physical examination. Ultrasound can facilitate diagnosis because it is readily available and cost-effective. Treatment primarily involves conservative measures, such as reducing activities that load the knee. Once the pain subsides, functional restoration is achieved through physical therapy and exercise. Surgery usually remains the last resort for chronic refractory cases.
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