Secondary prevention of cervical cancer is the identification and treatment for preinvasive forms of the disease, which include cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The traditional method of identification of CIN is cytological however the sensitivity and specificity of this method is limited. The efficacy of a test for human papillomavirus as well as new molecular-biological methods for assessing the prognosis of development of dysplasia and choice of appropriate treatment tactics are still in the process of discussion. The article contains information about different possibilities of using molecular-biological methods for assessing the prognosis of development of CIN and cervical cancer.