Background: Lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy (LCO) is a common procedure used to correct hindfoot varus. Several complications have been described in the literature, but only a few articles describe tibial nerve palsy after this procedure. Our hypothesis was that tibial nerve palsy is a common complication after LCO. Methods: A retrospective study of patients undergoing LCO for hindfoot varus between 2007 and 2013 was performed. A total of 15 patients (18 feet) were included in the study. The patients were examined for tibial nerve deficit, and all the patients were examined with a computed tomography (CT) scan of both feet. Patients with a preexisting neurological disease were excluded. The primary outcome was tibial nerve palsy, and the secondary outcomes were reduction of the tarsal tunnel volume, the distance from subtalar joint to the osteotomy, and the lateral step at the osteotomy evaluated by CT scans. Results: Three of the 18 feet examined had tibial nerve palsy at a mean follow-up of 51 months. The mean reduction in tarsal tunnel volume when comparing the contralateral nonoperated foot to the foot operated with LCO was 2732 mm3 in the group without neurological deficit and 2152 mm3 in the group with neurological deficit (P = .60). Conclusion: 3 of 18 feet had tibial palsy as a complication to LCO. We were not able to show that a larger decrease in the tarsal tunnel volume, a more anterior calcaneal osteotomy, or a larger lateral shift of the osteotomy is associated with tibial nerve palsy. Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Retrospective case series.
Keywords: calcaneal osteotomy; tarsal tunnel syndrome; tibial nerve palsy.