Outpatient desensitization of patients with moderate (high-risk) to severe platinum hypersensitivity reactions

Abstract

Objectives: Platinum hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) affect approximately 5% of the general oncologic population. Here we report the efficacy and safety of outpatient platinum desensitization protocol (PD) in gynecologic oncology patients with moderate (high-risk) to severe platinum HSR.

Methods: This is a retrospective report of patients with gynecologic malignancies undergoing an outpatient PD for moderate (high-risk) to severe platinum HSR from 2011 to 2017. Patient demographics, chemotherapy histories, and PD outcomes were collected. Descriptive statistics were performed given the exploratory nature of the study.

Results: Forty-eight patients meeting inclusion criteria were identified. Most patients were being treated for ovarian cancer (56.3%) and were receiving carboplatin during their initial platinum HSR (75.0%). Patients received a mean of 10.3 platinum doses prior to their initial HSR. Transient hypertension was the most common sign of moderate (high-risk) HSR while persistent tachycardia was the most common sign of severe HSR. A total of 295 PD cycles were attempted with a successful completion rate of 96.6%. The mean number of PD cycles received by patients was 5.1. Almost 65% of patients experienced breakthrough reactions but over 58% of these breakthrough reactions were isolated to the first PD cycle. Only 8.3% of patients had severe breakthrough reactions, all of whom initially underwent shortened desensitization. Of these 4 patients, 2 successfully underwent desensitization with a prolonged protocol.

Conclusion: Outpatient PD is safe and effective in patients with gynecologic malignancies. This may present a feasible option for institutions with multi-disciplinary teams experienced with the management of platinum HSR.

Keywords: Chemotherapy; Hypersensitivity reactions; Platinums.