Physical Activity Program Improves Functional Exercise Capacity and Flexibility in Extremely Preterm Children With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Aged 4-6 Years: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication of extreme preterm delivery, and is associated with reduced exercise tolerance and exercise capacity. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a physical activity programme on exercise tolerance, exercise capacity, flexibility, and lung function in prematurely born children with BPD.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. Preterm children with BPD (4-6 years) were randomized to intervention (IG) and control (CG) groups. The CG did not participate in any physical activity during the study period. The IG performed a 4-week exercise programme based on aerobic interval and resistance training. Outcomes were based on the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), modified sit and reach test (MSRT) and spirometry results.

Results: Twenty individuals were recruited. In the IG (n=10), statistical and clinical improvement was observed in the 6MWT (316.3±31.4m vs 376.2±39.5m; P=.002). Significant improvements were also seen in the IG in the ISWT (248.0±45.2m vs 465.3±58.2m; P=.013), MSRT (14.5±7.7cm vs 22.8±6.9cm; P=.003), and FEV₁ (102%±16% pred vs 104%±17% pred; P=.004). No significant differences between pre- and post-intervention were observed in the CG for all outcomes (n=10).

Conclusion: This 4-week programme resulted in statistical and clinical improvements in exercise tolerance, exercise capacity and flexibility in preterm children with BPD.

Keywords: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Children; Displasia broncopulmonar; Ejercicio; Exercise; Niño.