LUCAS Versus Manual Chest Compression During Ambulance Transport: A Hemodynamic Study in a Porcine Model of Cardiac Arrest

J Am Heart Assoc. 2019 Jan 8;8(1):e011189. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.011189.

Abstract

Background Mechanical chest compression (CC) is currently suggested to deliver sustained high-quality CC in a moving ambulance. This study compared the hemodynamic support provided by a mechanical piston device or manual CC during ambulance transport in a porcine model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods and Results In a simulated urban ambulance transport, 16 pigs in cardiac arrest were randomized to 18 minutes of mechanical CC with the LUCAS (n=8) or manual CC (n=8). ECG, arterial and right atrial pressure, together with end-tidal CO2 and transthoracic impedance curve were continuously recorded. Arterial lactate was assessed during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and after resuscitation. During the initial 3 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the ambulance was stationary, while then proceeded along a predefined itinerary. When the ambulance was stationary, CC-generated hemodynamics were equivalent in the 2 groups. However, during ambulance transport, arterial and coronary perfusion pressure, and end-tidal CO2 were significantly higher with mechanical CC compared with manual CC (coronary perfusion pressure: 43±4 versus 18±4 mmHg; end-tidal CO2: 31±2 versus 19±2 mmHg, P<0.01 at 18 minutes). During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, arterial lactate was lower with mechanical CC compared with manual CC (6.6±0.4 versus 8.2±0.5 mmol/L, P<0.01). During transport, mechanical CC showed greater constancy compared with the manual CC, as represented by a higher CC fraction and a lower transthoracic impedance curve variability ( P<0.01). All animals in the mechanical CC group and 6 (75%) in the manual one were successfully resuscitated. Conclusions This model adds evidence in favor of the use of mechanical devices to provide ongoing high-quality CC and tissue perfusion during ambulance transport.

Keywords: ambulance transport; cardiac arrest; cardiopulmonary resuscitation; chest compression resuscitation; manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation; mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Ambulances*
  • Animals
  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / methods
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Emergency Medical Services* / methods
  • Heart Massage* / methods
  • Hemodynamics* / physiology
  • Male
  • Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest* / physiopathology
  • Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest* / therapy
  • Pressure
  • Swine