A high efficient adsorbent for plant growth regulators based on ionic liquid and β-cyclodextrin functionalized magnetic graphene oxide

Shurui Cao; Jiuyan Chen; Guoyin Lai; Cunxian Xi; Xianliang Li; Lei Zhang; Guomin Wang; Zhiqiong Chen

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.013

A high efficient adsorbent for plant growth regulators based on ionic liquid and β-cyclodextrin functionalized magnetic graphene oxide

Talanta. 2019 Mar 1:194:14-25. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.013. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Authors

Shurui Cao¹, Jiuyan Chen², Guoyin Lai³, Cunxian Xi⁴, Xianliang Li⁴, Lei Zhang⁴, Guomin Wang⁴, Zhiqiong Chen²

Affiliations

¹ The Inspection Technical Center of Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection & Quarantine Bureau, Chongqing 400020, China. Electronic address: caoshurui@yeah.net.
² College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
³ Technical Center of Xiamen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Xiamen 361026, China.
⁴ The Inspection Technical Center of Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection & Quarantine Bureau, Chongqing 400020, China.

PMID: 30609513
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.013

Abstract

Four types of ionic liquids which composed of cation with imidazole ring and anion with benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone and naphthoquinone ring were prepared and named VOIm⁺BenSO₃^-, VOIm⁺NapSO₃^-, VOIm⁺AQSO₃^- and VOIm⁺NQSO₃^-, respectively. Then, ionic liquids and β-cyclodextrin functionalized magnetic graphene oxide materials were firstly synthesized for the extraction of 23 plant growth regulators in vegetable samples. The synthesized materials anticipated the unique properties of ionic liquids, β-cyclodextrin, graphene oxide and Fe₃O₄@SiO₂, including high surface area, high supramolecular recognition capability, superparamagnetism and large delocalized π-electron system, which were successfully characterized. Among four kinds of ionic liquids functionalized adsorbents, the VOIm⁺AQSO₃^- modified material exhibited high adsorption capability to 7 plant growth regulators compared with Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/GO/β-CD, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/GO and other three types of ionic liquids based adsorbents. Parameters that could affect the recoveries of 7 plant growth regulators were investigated, such as mass ratio of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/GO/β-CD to ionic liquids, salt concentration, pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction time and desorption solvent. Under the optimal condition, the magnetic solid phase extraction method using VOIm⁺AQSO₃^- and β-cyclodextrin functionalized magnetic graphene oxide material (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/GO/β-CD/IL) as adsorbent was developed and coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry for the determination of 7 plant growth regulators in vegetable samples. Validation results showed that the limit of detection and limit of quantitation were in the range of 0.01-0.18 μg/kg and 0.03-0.58 μg/kg, respectively. The satisfactory linearities were acquired in the concentration of 2-50 μg/kg with the correlation coefficients higher than 0.9982. Taken together, the synthesized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/GO/β-CD/IL was a highly effective magnetic solid phase extraction adsorbent for the enrichment of trace level of plant growth regulators in vegetable samples.

Keywords: Graphene oxide; Ionic liquid; Magnetic solid phase extraction; Plant growth regulators; β-cyclodextrin.

MeSH terms

Adsorption
Graphite / chemistry*
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Ionic Liquids / chemistry*
Limit of Detection
Magnetite Nanoparticles / chemistry
Models, Molecular
Molecular Conformation
Oxides / chemistry*
Plant Growth Regulators / analysis
Plant Growth Regulators / chemistry*
Plant Growth Regulators / isolation & purification*
Silicon Dioxide / chemistry
Solid Phase Extraction
Solvents / chemistry
Time Factors
Vegetables / chemistry
beta-Cyclodextrins / chemistry*

Substances

Ionic Liquids
Magnetite Nanoparticles
Oxides
Plant Growth Regulators
Solvents
beta-Cyclodextrins
Silicon Dioxide
Graphite