Lower Extremity Problem-Solving: Challenging Cases

Abstract

Lower limb dysfunction associated with upper motor neuron syndrome can be complex due to interaction of muscle overactivity, weakness, impaired motor control, and contracture. Treatment should be goal-directed and address the patient's passive and active functional impairments in addition to their symptoms. Therefore, a comprehensive, multidisciplinary team approach tailored to each patient's unique needs and functional goals is warranted. This article reviews the evaluation and management of issues related to lower limb muscle overactivity and how this approach was applied to 3 challenging cases.

Keywords: Contracture; Equinovarus; Flexed knee deformity; Gait dysfunction; Muscle overactivity; Spasticity; Stiff knee deformity; Upper motor neuron syndrome.