Present investigation is conducted to investigate the clinical efficacy of mesalazine in combination with the Bifid Triple Viable Capsules on the ulcerative colitis (UC) and the resultant effect on the inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10) of UC patients. A total of 120 UC patients who were admitted to this hospital for treatment between May 2014 and February 2018 were enrolled in this study and divided randomly into the research group and control group, with 60 patients in each group. For patients in the two groups, they underwent medication via mesalazine, while those in the research group additionally received the medication by Bifid Triple Viable Capsules. Following treatment, we evaluated the clinical efficacy, as well as the disease activity index (DAI) of UC, score of clinical symptoms, changes in the inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10) and the adverse reactions to drugs before and after treatment. The total effectiveness rate in the research group was 90.0%, significantly higher than 72.5% in the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P < 0.05). Before treatment, we assessed the UCDAI and clinical symptoms, and found that there were no statistically significant differences in these indicators between two groups (P>0.05); however, after treatment, both of UCDAI and clinical symptoms scores were decreased evidently in two groups (P<0.05), while the decreases in the research group were more significant (P < 0.05). In addition, following treatment, the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 were all decreased in two groups, with an acute increase in IL-10 (all P<0.01), and the alterations in these indicators in the research group were much more significant than those in the control group (all P <0.05). For adverse reactions, the incidence rate in the research group was 6.67%, significantly lower than 33.33% in the control group (P <0.05). Mesalazine in combination with Bifid Triple Viable Capsules shows a magnificent protective effect on the mucosa of UC patients, and curb the UC-related inflammatory reactions effectively. Thus, it is a safe and reliable method that is worthy of being promoted in clinical practice.