Omega-3 Fatty Acid and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Insights From Recent Clinical Trials

Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2019 Jan 10;21(1):1. doi: 10.1007/s11883-019-0763-0.

Abstract

Purpose of review: Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA) are among the most well-recognized health supplements but their cardiovascular benefits have long been controversial owing to inconsistent results from previous cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOT). In this article, we provide a short review of existing literature followed by recent randomized clinical trial data, with a discussion of the potential clinical implications of these new findings.

Recent findings: Data from the randomized, controlled trial REDUCE-IT, when viewed within the context of other recently published trials ASCEND and VITAL, add to a growing body of evidence on the use of ω-3 FA therapies in the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Given the different formulations, dosages, and patient populations studied, CVOTs of ω-3 FA have provided valuable insight into the use of these agents in cardioprotection. Current data suggest that higher dosages of pure eicosapentaenoic acid ω-3 FA formulations provide additional benefit in reduction of ASCVD events.

Keywords: Cardiovascular outcomes; Docosahexaenoic acid; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Icosapent ethyl; Lipids; Omega-3 fatty acid.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Cardiotonic Agents / administration & dosage
  • Cardiotonic Agents / adverse effects
  • Cardiotonic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / diet therapy*
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / prevention & control*
  • Diabetes Mellitus / diet therapy*
  • Dietary Supplements / adverse effects
  • Docosahexaenoic Acids / administration & dosage
  • Docosahexaenoic Acids / adverse effects
  • Docosahexaenoic Acids / therapeutic use*
  • Eicosapentaenoic Acid / administration & dosage
  • Eicosapentaenoic Acid / adverse effects
  • Eicosapentaenoic Acid / therapeutic use*
  • Heart Failure / diet therapy*
  • Humans
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Hypertriglyceridemia / prevention & control
  • Myocardial Infarction / diet therapy*
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Cardiotonic Agents
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
  • Docosahexaenoic Acids
  • Eicosapentaenoic Acid