Spending time with the patient is essential for intensive care unit (ICU) nurses to detect clinical change. This article reports on an examination of factors influencing nurses' activity time allocation. Data were analyzed from a prospective time and motion study of medical ICU nurses. Nurse demographic data and observation, electronic locator technology, and electronic medical record log data were collected over 12 days from 11 registered nurses. Charlson Co-Morbidity Index and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were calculated for patient assignments. Nurses averaged 78.04 (SD = 47.85) min per patient on activities in the patient room. Years of ICU nursing experience and the patient's Charlson Co-Morbidity Index was significantly associated with time spent in the patient's room. Neither nursing education nor specialty certification was found to influence time spent in a patient's room. Using technology can advance understanding of nurses' time allocation leading to interventions optimizing time spent with the patient.
Keywords: clinical deterioration; intensive care unit; situational awareness; workflow.