Abstract
BRCA1 or BRCA2 inactivation drives breast and ovarian cancer but also creates vulnerability to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. To search for additional targets whose inhibition is synthetically lethal in BRCA2-deficient backgrounds, we screened two pairs of BRCA2 isogenic cell lines with DNA-repair-focused small hairpin RNA (shRNA) and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-based libraries. We found that BRCA2-deficient cells are selectively dependent on multiple pathways including base excision repair, ATR signaling, and splicing. We identified APEX2 and FEN1 as synthetic lethal genes with both BRCA1 and BRCA2 loss of function. BRCA2-deficient cells require the apurinic endonuclease activity and the PCNA-binding domain of Ape2 (APEX2), but not Ape1 (APEX1). Furthermore, BRCA2-deficient cells require the 5' flap endonuclease but not the 5'-3' exonuclease activity of Fen1, and chemically inhibiting Fen1 selectively targets BRCA-deficient cells. Finally, we developed a microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) reporter and showed that Fen1 participates in MMEJ, underscoring the importance of MMEJ as a collateral repair pathway in the context of homologous recombination (HR) deficiency.
Keywords:
APEX2; ATR; BER; BRCA1; BRCA2; FEN1; MMEJ; NHEJ; PARP; synthetic lethality.
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins / genetics
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Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins / metabolism
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BRCA1 Protein / genetics
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BRCA1 Protein / metabolism
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BRCA2 Protein / genetics*
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BRCA2 Protein / metabolism
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CRISPR-Cas Systems*
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Cell Death
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Cell Line, Tumor
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DNA Damage
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DNA End-Joining Repair
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DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase / genetics*
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DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase / metabolism
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Endonucleases
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Flap Endonucleases / genetics*
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Flap Endonucleases / metabolism
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
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Genes, Lethal*
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Humans
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Multifunctional Enzymes
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Neoplasms / drug therapy
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Neoplasms / enzymology
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Neoplasms / genetics*
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Neoplasms / pathology
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Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / genetics
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Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / metabolism
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Protein Binding
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Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
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RNA Interference*
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RNA, Small Interfering / genetics
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Synthetic Lethal Mutations*
Substances
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BRCA1 Protein
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BRCA1 protein, human
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BRCA2 Protein
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BRCA2 protein, human
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Multifunctional Enzymes
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PCNA protein, human
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Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors
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Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen
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RNA, Small Interfering
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ATR protein, human
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Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
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Endonucleases
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Flap Endonucleases
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FEN1 protein, human
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APEX2 protein, human
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DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase