Evaluation of the distribution and progression of intraluminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysms using high-resolution MRI

Abstract

Background: Intraluminal thrombus (ILT) signal intensity on MRI has been studied as a potential marker of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression.

Purpose: 1) To characterize the relationship between ILT signal intensity and AAA diameter; 2) to evaluate ILT change over time; and 3) to assess the relationship between ILT features and AAA growth.

Study type: Prospective.

Subjects: Eighty AAA patients were imaged, and a subset (n = 41) were followed with repeated MRI for 16 ± 9 months.

Field strength/sequence: 3D black-blood fast-spin-echo sequence at 3 T.

Assessment: ILT was designated as "bright" if the signal was greater than 1.2 times that of adjacent psoas muscle. AAAs were divided into three groups based on ILT: Type 1: bright ILT; Type 2: isointense ILT; Type 3: no ILT. During follow-up, an active ILT change was defined as new ILT formation or an increase in ILT signal intensity to bright; stable ILT was defined as no change in ILT type or ILT became isointense from bright previously.

Statistical tests: Shapiro-Wilk test; Mann-Whitney U-test; Fisher's exact test; Kruskal-Wallis test; Spearman's r; intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Cohen's kappa.

Results: AAAs with Type 1 ILT were larger than those with Types 2 and 3 ILT (5.1 ± 1.1 cm, 4.4 ± 0.9 cm, 4.2 ± 0.8 cm, P = 0.008). The growth rate of AAAs with Type 1 ILT was significantly greater than that of AAAs with Types 2 and 3 ILT (2.6 ± 2.5, 0.6 ± 1.3, 1.5 ± 0.6 mm/year, P = 0.01). During follow-up, AAAs with active ILT changes had a 3-fold increased growth rate compared with AAAs with stable ILT (3.6 ± 3.0 mm/year vs. 1.2 ± 1.5 mm/year, P = 0.008).

Data conclusion: AAAs with bright ILT are larger in diameter and grow faster. Active ILT change is associated with faster AAA growth. Black-blood MRI can characterize ILT features and monitor their change over time, which may provide new insights into AAA risk assessment.

Level of evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy Stage: 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:994-1001.

Keywords: abdominal aortic aneurysm; black blood MRI; growth; intraluminal thrombus; signal intensity.