Oncogenic KSHV-encoded interferon regulatory factor upregulates HMGB2 and CMPK1 expression to promote cell invasion by disrupting a complex lncRNA-OIP5-AS1/miR-218-5p network

PLoS Pathog. 2019 Jan 30;15(1):e1007578. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007578. eCollection 2019 Jan.

Abstract

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a highly disseminated tumor of hyperproliferative spindle endothelial cells, is the most common AIDS-associated malignancy caused by infection of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KSHV-encoded viral interferon regulatory factor 1 (vIRF1) is a viral oncogene but its role in KSHV-induced tumor invasiveness and motility remains unknown. Here, we report that vIRF1 promotes endothelial cell migration, invasion and proliferation by down-regulating miR-218-5p to relieve its suppression of downstream targets high mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) and cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1 (CMPK1). Mechanistically, vIRF1 inhibits p53 function to increase the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and DNA methylation of the promoter of pre-miR-218-1, a precursor of miR-218-5p, and increases the expression of a long non-coding RNA OIP5 antisense RNA 1 (lnc-OIP5-AS1), which acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-218-5p to inhibit its function and reduce its stability. Moreover, lnc-OIP5-AS1 increases DNA methylation of the pre-miR-218-1 promoter. Finally, deletion of vIRF1 from the KSHV genome reduces the level of lnc-OIP5-AS1, increases the level of miR-218-5p, and inhibits KSHV-induced invasion. Together, these results define a novel complex lnc-OIP5-AS1/miR-218-5p network hijacked by vIRF1 to promote invasiveness and motility of KSHV-induced tumors.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Movement / genetics
  • Cell Proliferation / genetics
  • China
  • Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / genetics
  • DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1
  • Down-Regulation
  • HEK293 Cells
  • HMGB Proteins / metabolism
  • Herpesvirus 8, Human / genetics*
  • Herpesvirus 8, Human / metabolism
  • Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
  • Humans
  • Interferon Regulatory Factors / genetics
  • Interferon Regulatory Factors / metabolism*
  • Interferons / metabolism
  • MicroRNAs / genetics*
  • MicroRNAs / metabolism
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness / genetics
  • Nucleoside-Phosphate Kinase
  • RNA, Long Noncoding / genetics
  • RNA, Long Noncoding / metabolism
  • Sarcoma, Kaposi / genetics
  • Sarcoma, Kaposi / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction
  • Viral Proteins / genetics
  • Viral Proteins / metabolism*

Substances

  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone
  • HMGB Proteins
  • Interferon Regulatory Factors
  • MIRN218 microRNA, human
  • MicroRNAs
  • OIP5 protein, human
  • RNA, Long Noncoding
  • Viral Proteins
  • long noncoding RNA OIP5, human
  • viral interferon regulatory factors
  • Interferons
  • DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1
  • DNMT1 protein, human
  • uridine monophosphate kinase
  • Nucleoside-Phosphate Kinase