T cell engineered with a novel nanobody-based chimeric antigen receptor against VEGFR2 as a candidate for tumor immunotherapy

IUBMB Life. 2019 Sep;71(9):1259-1267. doi: 10.1002/iub.2019. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Abstract

Solid tumors that are responsible for more than 85% of cancer death cases need angiogenesis for their growth and metastasis. Among antiangiogenic therapies, targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) that is over-expressed on tumor vasculatures has been a promising strategy. In this study, we developed a second generation nanobody (VHH)-based CAR T cell targeting VEGFR2-expressing tumor cells. The CAR T cell was developed by linking the anti-VEGFR2 VHH to a spacer, and signaling domains of CD28 and CD3 ζ. The T cells were activated with anti-CD3 plus rIL-2 and electroporated with a plasmid encoding the CAR construct. The expression of activation markers, CD69 and CD25, on CAR T cells upon coculturing with VEGFR2-expressing cells were 41% and 48%, and the IL-2 and IFN-γ production were 470 pg/mL and 360 pg/mL, respectively. The expression of degranulation marker, CD107a, was 30% and the cytotoxic activity of the CAR T cells reached to more than 30% with E:T ratio of 9:1. The anti-VEGFR2 CAR but not mock T cells mediated specific lysis of 293-KDR cells expressing human VEGFR2 and might be considered as a candidate for adoptive T-cell immunotherapy of solid tumors. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(9):1259-1267, 2019.

Keywords: CAR T-cell; VEGFR2; chimeric antigen receptor (CAR); electroporation; nanobody; solid tumor.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • CD28 Antigens / immunology
  • CD3 Complex / immunology
  • Cell Engineering / methods
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / immunology
  • Humans
  • Immunotherapy, Adoptive / methods
  • Mice
  • Neoplasms / genetics
  • Neoplasms / immunology
  • Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / immunology
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / therapeutic use
  • Receptors, Chimeric Antigen / genetics*
  • Receptors, Chimeric Antigen / immunology
  • Receptors, Chimeric Antigen / therapeutic use
  • Signal Transduction
  • Single-Domain Antibodies / genetics
  • Single-Domain Antibodies / immunology*
  • Single-Domain Antibodies / therapeutic use
  • T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / genetics*
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / immunology
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Substances

  • CD28 Antigens
  • CD3 Complex
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
  • Receptors, Chimeric Antigen
  • Single-Domain Antibodies
  • KDR protein, human
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2