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Review
. 2019:26:6.
doi: 10.1051/parasite/2019006. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis in North Africa: a review

Mariem Rouatbi  1 , Safa Amairia  1 , Yosra Amdouni  1 , Mohamed Anis Boussaadoun  1 , Ouarda Ayadi  2 , Amira Adel Taha Al-Hosary  3 , Mourad Rekik  4 , Rym Ben Abdallah  5 , Karim Aoun  5 , Mohamed Aziz Darghouth  1 , Barbara Wieland  6 , Mohamed Gharbi  1
Affiliations
Review

Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis in North Africa: a review

Mariem Rouatbi et al. Parasite. 2019.

Abstract
in English, French, Arabic

Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis caused by an obligate intracellular parasitic protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii. The disease is distributed worldwide and can affect all warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans. The present review aimed to collect, compile and summarize the data on the prevalence of T. gondii infection in humans and animals in the five North African countries (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt). Published data from national and international databases were used. Distribution patterns and risk factors for T. gondii infection are discussed, focusing on biotic and abiotic factors. This review is a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of T. gondii infection in North Africa and will therefore be a useful tool for researchers. It can also be used to propose or enhance appropriate national toxoplasmosis control programs.

La toxoplasmose est une zoonose importante causée par un protozoaire parasite intracellulaire obligatoire, Toxoplasma gondii. La maladie est répandue dans le monde entier, chez tous les vertébrés à sang chaud, y compris les humains. La présente étude visait à collecter, compiler et résumer les données sur la prévalence de l’infection par T. gondii chez l’homme et les animaux dans les cinq pays d’Afrique du Nord (Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie, Libye et Égypte). Les données publiées dans des bases de données nationales et internationales ont été utilisées. Les schémas de distribution et les facteurs de risque d’infection par T. gondii sont discutés, en se concentrant sur les facteurs biotiques et abiotiques. Cette synthèse est une analyse épidémiologique complète de l’infection par T. gondii en Afrique du Nord et sera donc un outil intéressant pour les chercheurs. Elle peut également être utilisée pour proposer ou renforcer des programmes nationaux appropriés de contrôle de la toxoplasmose.

داء المقوسات هو مرض مشترك هام يسببه طفيلي وحيد الخلية اجبارى داخل خلوى، توكسوبلازما غوندي ( Toxoplasma gondii ). تنتشر هذه الاصابة في جميع أنحاء العالم وعند جميع الفقريات ذوات الدم الحار بما في ذالك الانسان. تهدف هذه الدراسة الببليوغرافية إلى جمع وتصنيف وتلخيص البيانات الحالية حول نسبة الاصابة بالطفيلي توكسوبلازما غوندي ( Toxoplasma gondii ) لدى الانسان والحيوان في بلدان شمال إفريقيا الخمسة (المغرب والجزائر وتونس وليبيا ومصر) .تم استعمال المعلومات المنشورة بقاعدات البيانات الوطنية و العالمية كما تمت مناقشة أنماط التوزيع وعوامل خطر الاصابة بالطفيلي توكسوبلازما غوندي ( Toxoplasma gondii ) مع التركيز على العوامل الحياتية و الغير حياتية.

تمثل هذه الدراسة تحليلاً وبائياً شاملاً للإصابة بالطفيلي توكسوبلازما غوندي ( Toxoplasma gondii ) في شمال إفريقيا. وبذلك فإن هذه الدراسة هي أداة مفيدة للباحثين. كما يمكن استعمالها كي يتم اقتراح او تعزيز برامج وطنية مناسبة لمكافحة داء المقوسات.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Morocco: Animal toxoplasmosis, seroprevalence.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Algeria: Animal toxoplasmosis, seroprevalence.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Tunisia: Animal toxoplasmosis, seroprevalence.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Tunisia: Animal toxoplasmosis, molecular prevalence.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Libya: Animal toxoplasmosis seroprevalence.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Egypt: Animal toxoplasmosis, seroprevalence.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Egypt: Animal toxoplasmosis, molecular prevalence.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Overall status of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in humans in North African countries: (A) Minimum infection rates; (B) Maximum infection rates.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Overall number of studies dealing with human and animal toxoplasmosis in five North African countries (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Distribution of studies dealing with human and animal toxoplasmosis in five North African countries over time (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt).
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