Prenatal diagnosis and management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2019 Jul:58:93-106. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.12.010. Epub 2019 Jan 5.

Abstract

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is characterized by failed closure of the diaphragm, thereby allowing abdominal viscera to herniate into the thoracic cavity and subsequently interfering with normal lung development. At birth, pulmonary hypoplasia leads to respiratory insufficiency and persistent pulmonary hypertension (PHT), that is lethal in up to 32% of patients. In isolated cases, the outcome may be predicted prenatally by medical imaging and advanced genetic testing. In those fetuses with a predicted poor outcome, fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion may be offered. This procedure is currently being evaluated in a global randomized clinical trial (www.TOTALtrial.eu). We are currently investigating alternative strategies including transplacental sildenafil administration to reduce the occurrence of persistent PHT.

Keywords: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia; Prenatal prediction; Prenatal therapy; Pulmonary hypoplasia; Sildenafil.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Female
  • Fetal Therapies / adverse effects
  • Fetal Therapies / methods*
  • Genetic Testing / methods
  • Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital / diagnosis*
  • Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital / pathology
  • Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital / surgery*
  • Humans
  • Liver / diagnostic imaging
  • Liver / pathology
  • Lung / diagnostic imaging
  • Lung / pathology
  • Pregnancy
  • Stomach / diagnostic imaging
  • Stomach / pathology
  • Ultrasonography, Prenatal / methods*