Omega-3 fatty acid-derived mediators that control inflammation and tissue homeostasis

Int Immunol. 2019 Aug 23;31(9):559-567. doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxz001.

Abstract

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, display a wide range of beneficial effects in humans and animals. Many of the biological functions of PUFAs are mediated via bioactive metabolites produced by fatty acid oxygenases such as cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based mediator lipidomics revealed a series of novel bioactive lipid mediators derived from omega-3 PUFAs. Here, we describe recent advances on omega-3 PUFA-derived mediators, mainly focusing on their enzymatic oxygenation pathway, and their biological functions in controlling inflammation and tissue homeostasis.

Keywords: LC–MS/MS; anti-inflammation; lipid mediator; omega-3 fatty acid; oxygenase.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / chemistry
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / metabolism
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacology*
  • Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / chemistry
  • Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / metabolism
  • Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / pharmacology*
  • Homeostasis / drug effects*
  • Homeostasis / immunology
  • Humans
  • Inflammation / drug therapy*
  • Inflammation / immunology
  • Inflammation / metabolism
  • Molecular Structure

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
  • Fatty Acids, Omega-3