Antibacterial and Remineralizing Fillers in Experimental Orthodontic Adhesives

Carolina Jung Ferreira; Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune; Gabriela de Souza Balbinot; Felipe Weidenbach Degrazia; Marianna Arakelyan; Salvatore Sauro; Fabricio Mezzomo Collares

doi:10.3390/ma12040652

Antibacterial and Remineralizing Fillers in Experimental Orthodontic Adhesives

Materials (Basel). 2019 Feb 21;12(4):652. doi: 10.3390/ma12040652.

Authors

Carolina Jung Ferreira¹, Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune², Gabriela de Souza Balbinot³, Felipe Weidenbach Degrazia⁴, Marianna Arakelyan⁵, Salvatore Sauro⁶, Fabricio Mezzomo Collares⁷

Affiliations

¹ Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil. carolinajungferreira@yahoo.com.br.
² Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil. vicente.leitune@ufrgs.br.
³ Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil. gabriela.balbinot@ufrgs.br.
⁴ Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil. fdegrazia@hotmail.com.
⁵ Department of Therapеutic Dentistry Sechenov University, Mozhaisky Val, 11 119435 Moscow, Russia. maristom87@inbox.ru.
⁶ BioMat-Dental Biomaterials Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera, 46115 Valencia, Spain. salvatore.sauro@uchceu.es.
⁷ Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil. fabricio.collares@ufrgs.br.

Abstract

Orthodontic adhesives with antimicrobial and remineralizing properties may be an alternative to control white spot lesions around brackets. The aim of this study is to develop an experimental orthodontic adhesive containing boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) and alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (ATAB). Methacrylate (BisGMA and TEGDMA) monomers were used to formulate the adhesives. Four experimental groups were produced with the addition of 0.1 wt.% BNNT (G_BNNT); 0.1 wt.% ATAB (G_ATAB); and 0.2 wt.% BNNT with ATAB (G_BNNT/ATAB); in the control group, no fillers were added (G_Ctrl). The degree of conversion, cytotoxicity, softening in solvent, contact angle and free surface energy, antibacterial activity, shear bond strength, and mineral deposition were evaluated. Adhesives achieved degree of conversion higher than 50% and cell viability higher than 90%. G_BNNT and G_ATAB adhesives exhibited reduced softening in solvent. Mean free surface energy was decreased in the G_BNNT adhesive. Significant reduction in bacterial growth was observed in the G_BNNT/ATAB. No statistical difference was found for shear bond strength. Mineral deposition was found in G_BNNT, G_ATAB, and G_BNNT/ATAB groups after 14 and 28 days. The addition of 0.2% BNNT/ATAB to an experimental orthodontic adhesive inhibited bacterial growth and induced mineral deposition without affecting the properties of the material.

Keywords: adhesive; anti-bacterial agents; boron nitride; mineral deposition; orthodontic; quaternary ammonium compounds.