Identification, characterization and expression profiling of cation-proton antiporter superfamily in Triticum aestivum L. and functional analysis of TaNHX4-B

Abstract

The monovalent cation proton antiporter (CPA) superfamily comprises Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger (NHX), K⁺ efflux antiporter (KEA), and cation/H⁺ exchanger (CHX) family proteins, which play vital functions in plants. A total of 107 TaCPA proteins were identified in Triticum aestivum, and phylogenetically classified into 35 TaNHX, 24 TaKEA and 48 TaCHX proteins. These families had representatives derived from all three sub-genomes. TaKEA genes consisted of higher number of exons, followed by TaNHXs and TaCHXs. The occurrence of about 10 transmembrane regions and higher composition of helices and coils support their membrane-bound and hydrophobic nature. Diverse expression in various tissues and modulated expression under stress conditions suggested their role in development and in response to stress. Co-expression analyses revealed their complex interaction networks. Expression of TaNHX4-B.1 and TaNHX4-B.4 facilitated differential abiotic stress tolerance to Escherichia coli. Our study provides comprehensive information about CPA genes, which would be useful in their future functional characterization.

Keywords: CPA; TaCHX; TaCPA; TaKEA; TaNHX; Triticum aestivum.