Novel bioactive root canal sealer with antibiofilm and remineralization properties

Bashayer H Baras; Suping Wang; Mary Anne S Melo; Franklin Tay; Ashraf F Fouad; Dwayne D Arola; Michael D Weir; Hockin H K Xu

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2019.02.006

Novel bioactive root canal sealer with antibiofilm and remineralization properties

J Dent. 2019 Apr:83:67-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.02.006. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Authors

Bashayer H Baras¹, Suping Wang², Mary Anne S Melo³, Franklin Tay⁴, Ashraf F Fouad⁵, Dwayne D Arola⁶, Michael D Weir⁷, Hockin H K Xu⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics & Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
³ Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
⁴ Department of Endodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
⁵ Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA.
⁶ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
⁷ Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: mweir@umaryland.edu.
⁸ Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: hxu@umaryland.edu.

PMID: 30825569
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.02.006

Abstract

Objectives: (1) To develop a novel bioactive root canal sealer with antibiofilm and remineralization properties using dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP); (2) investigate the effects on E. faecalis biofilm inhibition, sealer flow and sealing ability, compared with an epoxy-resin-based sealer AH Plus; and (3) investigate the calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion release from the sealers.

Methods: A series of dual-cure endodontic sealers were formulated with DMAHDM and NACP at 5% and 20% by mass, respectively. Flow properties and sealing ability of the sealers were measured. Colony-forming units (CFU), live/dead assay, and polysaccharide production of biofilms on sealers were determined. Ca and P ion releases from the sealers were measured.

Results: The new sealer containing 20% NACP and 5% DMAHDM yielded a paste flow of (28.99 ± 0.69) mm, within the range of ISO recommendations. The sealing properties of the sealer with 5% DMAHDM and 20% NACP were similar to a commercial control (p > 0.05). The sealer with DMAHDM decreased E. faecalis biofilm CFU by more than 4 orders of magnitude, compared to AH plus and experimental controls. The sealer with 20% NACP and 5% DMAHDM had relatively high levels of Ca and P ion release necessary for remineralization.

Conclusions: A new bioactive endodontic sealer was developed with strong antibiofilm activity against E. faecalis biofilms and high levels of Ca and P ion release for remineralization, without compromising the paste flow and sealing properties.

Clinical significance: The bioactive antibacterial and remineralizing root canal sealer is promising to inhibit E. faecalis biofilms to prevent endodontic treatment failure and secondary endodontic infections, while releasing high levels of Ca and P ions that could remineralize and strengthen the tooth structures and potentially prevent future root fractures and teeth extractions.

Keywords: Antibacterial; Calcium phosphate nanoparticles; Endodontic biofilms; Microleakage; Root canal sealer; Sealing ability.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Anti-Bacterial Agents*
Biofilms*
Dental Pulp Cavity
Methacrylates
Nanoparticles
Root Canal Filling Materials*

Substances

Anti-Bacterial Agents
Methacrylates
Root Canal Filling Materials