Well-being in patients with schizophrenia, mood and personality disorders attending psychiatric services in the community. A controlled study

Abstract

Background: Poor attention is paid by recent research to the prevalence of mental well-being in psychiatric patients and the comparison between groups with different diagnoses. Data suggest that the presence of mental illness does not necessarily mean the absence of well-being, particularly in stable outpatients.

Methods: A consecutive series of 375 patients attending two community mental health centers was given the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) and the Clinical Global Impression - Severity scale. Diagnoses were made after the MINI Neuropsychiatric Interview and a chart review of all relevant clinical information. The flourishing category and the three components of MHC-SF were used to rate well-being. A total of 274 controls were taken from the employees at a local firm.

Results: The rates of flourishing mental health were: 33.1% schizophrenia, 36.6% bipolar disorder, 23.3% unipolar depression, 24.4% cluster B personality disorder, and 53.3% controls (p < 0.001). The comparison of the three MHC components across diagnostic groups found that unipolar depression and cluster B personality patients had significantly lower scores compared to bipolar and schizophrenia patients. Flourishing mental health was detected more often in males than females (34.9% vs. 24.1% - p < 0.05). For schizophrenia patients indices of well-being were better in those on depot medications.

Conclusions: Psychiatric outpatients with major mental illness have lower rates of well-being compared to controls, although about one-third is flourishing. Patients with unipolar depression and cluster B personality disorder may deserve special attention when planning intervention for fostering well-being.

Keywords: Depression; Flourishing; MHC-SF; Mental health; Schizophrenia; Well-being.