Objectives: Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a very rare autoimmune disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of inflammation and destruction of cartilaginous tissues. We examined the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of Japanese RP patients.
Methods: We identified 8 RP cases in our department between 2003 and 2017. Detailed clinical features, testing, treatment, and outcomes were recorded.
Results: The mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 9 months. Four cases presented with auricular chondritis and laryngotracheal involvement and 3 cases presented with a saddle nose deformity. Anti-type II collagen antibody was positive in 5 of 6 cases. Of 3 cases with associated diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and Sjögren's syndrome), 2 died of respiratory failure.
Conclusions: When RP is diagnosed, early computed tomography or pulmonary function testing is essential to enable early treatment. Undiagnosed airway involvement can cause tracheobronchial wall fibrosis, leading to fixed stenosis.
Keywords: laryngotracheal involvement; relapsing polychondritis; respiratory failure.