Development of a high-throughput fluorescent no-wash sodium influx assay

PLoS One. 2019 Mar 11;14(3):e0213751. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213751. eCollection 2019.

Abstract

Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) are key therapeutic targets for pain, epilepsy and cardiac arrhythmias. Here we describe the development of a no-wash fluorescent sodium influx assay suitable for high-throughput screening and characterization of novel drug leads. Addition of red-violet food dyes (peak absorbance range 495-575 nm) to assays in HEK293 cells heterologously expressing hNaV1.1-1.8 effectively quenched background fluorescence of the sodium indicator dye Asante NaTRIUM Green-2 (ANG-2; peak emission 540 nm), negating the need for a wash step. Ponceau 4R (1 mM) was identified as a suitable quencher, which had no direct effect on NaV channels as assessed by patch-clamp experiments, and did not alter the pharmacology of the NaV1.1-1.7 activator veratridine (EC50 10-29 μM) or the NaV1.1-1.8 inhibitor tetracaine (IC50's 6-66 μM). In addition, we also identified that the food dyes Ponceau 4R, Brilliant Black BN, Allura Red and Amaranth are effective at quenching the background fluorescence of the calcium indicator dyes fluo-4, fura-2 and fura-5F, identifying them as potential inexpensive alternatives to no-wash calcium ion indicator kits. In summary, we have developed a no-wash fluorescent sodium influx assay suitable for high-throughput screening based on the sodium indicator dye ANG-2 and the quencher Ponceau 4R.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemistry
  • Fluorescent Dyes / metabolism
  • HEK293 Cells
  • High-Throughput Screening Assays / methods*
  • Humans
  • Patch-Clamp Techniques
  • Sodium / analysis
  • Sodium / metabolism*
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence
  • Tetracaine / chemistry
  • Tetracaine / metabolism
  • Veratridine / chemistry
  • Veratridine / metabolism
  • Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Agonists / chemistry
  • Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Agonists / metabolism
  • Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers / chemistry
  • Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers / metabolism
  • Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels / chemistry
  • Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels / metabolism

Substances

  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Agonists
  • Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers
  • Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels
  • Tetracaine
  • Veratridine
  • Sodium