Three new compounds (1-3), euphorimaoid A (1), euphorimaoid B (2), 1α-hydroxy-3β-acetoxy-olean-9,12-diene (3), two firstly isolated natural products 3β-acetyloxy-olean-13(18)-en-12-one (4) and 18,19-epoxyolean-3β-ol acetate (5), together with 13 known compounds (6-18) have been identified from the aerial parts of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Structures of compounds 1-5 were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of euphorimaoid A (1) was established using single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in BMMs. Among them, compounds 7 and 10 showed significantly inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner.
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