No effect of birth order on adult risk taking

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Mar 26;116(13):6019-6024. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1814153116. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Abstract

Does birth order shape people's propensity to take risks? Evidence is mixed. We used a three-pronged approach to investigate birth-order effects on risk taking. First, we examined the propensity to take risks as measured by a self-report questionnaire administered in the German Socio-Economic Panel, one of the largest and most comprehensive household surveys. Second, we drew on data from the Basel-Berlin Risk Study, one of the most exhaustive attempts to measure risk preference. This study administered 39 risk-taking measures, including a set of incentivized behavioral tasks. Finally, we considered the possibility that birth-order differences in risk taking are not reflected in survey responses and laboratory studies. We thus examined another source of behavioral data: the risky life decision to become an explorer or a revolutionary. Findings from these three qualitatively different sources of data and analytic methods point unanimously in the same direction: We found no birth-order effects on risk taking.

Keywords: BBRS; SOEP; birth order; family dynamics; risk taking.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Birth Order* / psychology
  • Choice Behavior
  • Humans
  • Psychological Tests
  • Psychometrics
  • Risk Factors
  • Risk-Taking*
  • Self Report