Reports of the ameliorative effect of angelicin on sex hormone deficiency‑induced osteoporosis have highlighted this compound as a candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of action of angelicin on osteoblast differentiation have not been thoroughly researched. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of angelicin on the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of rat calvarial osteoblasts using a Cell Counting Kit‑8, alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of osteogenic genes and proteins. Treatment with angelicin promoted the proliferation, matrix mineralization and upregulation of osteogenic marker genes including collagen type I α 1 and bone γ‑carboxyglutamate in fetal rat calvarial osteoblasts. Furthermore, angelicin promoted the expression of β‑catenin and runt related transcription factor 2, which serve a vital role in the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Consistently, the osteogenic effect of angelicin was attenuated by the use of a Wnt inhibitor. Moreover, angelicin increased the expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα), which also serves a key role in osteoblast differentiation. Taken together, these results demonstrated that angelicin may promote osteoblast differentiation through activation of ERα and the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway.