Stroke mechanisms and their correlation with functional outcome in medullary infarction

Abstract

Purpose: To study the stroke mechanism of medullary infarction (MI) and their correlation with prognosis.

Methods: We collected 81 consecutive patients with acute isolated MI including 50 patients with lateral MI (LMI), 30 with medial MI (MMI) and one with combined MI. The stroke mechanisms were defined as follows: 1. Large artery atherosclerotic occlusive disease (LAOD): with severe stenosis (>50%) or occlusion on the relevant arteries. 2. Penetrating artery disease (PAD): occlusion of penetrating arteries that arise from vertebral artery or basilar artery with no significant stenosis of the vertebro-basilar artery. 3. Dissection: angiographic findings met the criteria. 4. Cardiogenic embolism: abrupt onset with atrial fibrillation. The poor outcome was defined as a condition that includes the mRS ≥2 and/or dysphagia at one year after onset.

Results: There were 20 patients with PAD (40%), 18 with dissection (36.0%) and 11 with LAOD (22.0%) in LMI and 17 with PAD (56.6%), 10 with LAOD (33.3%) in MMI. LAOD and dissection compared with PAD were independently correlated with poor outcome in LMI (OR: 12.8, p = 0.029 and OR: 14.9, p = 0.035). LAOD was significantly correlated with poor outcome in MMI (OR: 13.4, p = 0.014).

Conclusions: PAD was the most predominant stroke mechanism in MI and generally showed favorable outcome. Patients with LAOD and dissection showed worse outcome than those with PAD.

Keywords: Branch atheromatous disease; Medullary infarction; Prognosis; Stroke mechanism; Underlying vascular lesions.