Misdiagnosis of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage in the era of multimodal diagnostic options

Am J Emerg Med. 2019 Nov;37(11):2079-2083. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.03.001. Epub 2019 Mar 10.

Abstract

Objective: Patients suffering from aneurysmatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) may present with a variety of symptoms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the spectrum of misdiagnoses and to analyze the significance of delay of correct diagnosis on the clinical outcome.

Methods: The data was collected prospectively from 2003 to 2013. Patients diagnosed with disease different from aneurysmal SAH by the initially treating physician, and admitted to our department with a delay of at least 24 h after the beginning of the symptoms, were included in this study. We analyzed the various diagnoses that were ascertained instead of SAH and which medical specialty had provided them.

Results: Overall 704 patients were treated with acute SAH. The inclusion criteria were matched in 76 patients (13.7%). Eleven specialties were involved in the initial patients' treatment. The time interval between initial symptoms and neurosurgical admission varied enormously. Statistically, higher Hunt & Hess score did not lead to an earlier diagnosis (p = 0.56) nor did localisation of the aneurysm (p = 0.75). Lower Fisher score was led to delayed diagnosis (p = 0.02). Delay of diagnosis was not significantly associated with the outcome (p = 0.08) whereas Hunt & Hess grade on admission was a strong predictor for bad outcome (p = 0.00001) as was cerebral vasospasm on the first angiogram (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: A straightforward diagnosis of SAH despite diffuse and unspecific symptoms is crucial for the successful treatment of these patients, especially with high grade SAH.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Delayed Diagnosis*
  • Diagnostic Errors
  • Female
  • Glasgow Outcome Scale
  • Headache Disorders, Primary / etiology
  • Humans
  • Intracranial Aneurysm / complications
  • Intracranial Aneurysm / diagnosis*
  • Intracranial Aneurysm / epidemiology
  • Intracranial Aneurysm / physiopathology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Patient Admission / statistics & numerical data
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / complications
  • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / diagnosis*
  • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / epidemiology
  • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / physiopathology
  • Time-to-Treatment*