Influence of Age, Sex, and Body Mass Index on the Depth of the Superficial Fascia in the Face and Neck

Dermatol Surg. 2019 Nov;45(11):1365-1373. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000001909.

Abstract

Background: Nonsurgical skin-tightening procedures are increasing in popularity, as patients seek aesthetic interventions that are safe with minimal downtime.

Objective: This study was designed to provide precise data on the depth of the superficial fascia-the structure of action-of the face and neck.

Methods: One hundred fifty Caucasian individuals (75 men and 75 women) were investigated with a balanced distribution of age (n = 30 per decade: 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and 60-69 years) and body mass index (BMI) (n = 50 per group: BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m, BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m, and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m). The distance between skin surface and the superficial fascia was measured through ultrasound in the buccal region, premasseteric region, and lateral neck.

Results: The mean distance between skin surface and superficial fascia was for the buccal region 4.82 ± 0.9 mm, range (2.60-6.90); for the premasseteric region 4.25 ± 0.6 mm, range (2.60-5.80); and for the lateral neck 3.71 ± 0.5 mm, range (2.0-5.0). The depth of the superficial fascia increased with increasing BMI, whereas it decreased with advanced age.

Conclusion: Knowing the precise depth of the superficial fascia for nonsurgical skin-tightening procedures will guide practitioners toward safer and more effective outcomes.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Body Mass Index*
  • Cosmetic Techniques*
  • Fascia / anatomy & histology*
  • Fascia / diagnostic imaging
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Sex Factors
  • Skin Aging*
  • Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System / anatomy & histology*
  • Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System / diagnostic imaging
  • Ultrasonography
  • Young Adult