Objective: To identify risk factors for thunderstorm asthma (TA) in subjects ≥15 years of age from information available in routine clinical records.
Methods: Retrospective and hospital-based case-control study of various clinical factors in all TA cases (n = 53) who presented to a single-site ED in November 2016 (TA16) and in a control group of patients (n = 156) who presented to the same ED with asthma during the pollen season over eight non-TA years. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression modelling was performed to calculate the odds of TA asthma in the presence of potential risk factors.
Results: A logistic regression model revealed that the odds of TA were lower for age (odds ratio [OR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95-0.99), higher for Asian country of birth (OR 4.09, 95% CI 1.40-11.95) and higher for oral beta-blocker use (OR 6.43, 95% CI 1.58-26.33) compared to controls. No difference was found between TA16 cases and controls for allergies (to medication, grass pollen, animal), hayfever, smoking, oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or aspirin. Newly diagnosed asthma was higher in TA16 cases versus controls (32.1% vs 12.2%, P = 0.001).
Conclusions: Oral beta-blocker medications, younger age and Asian-born heritage are risk factors for TA. Further study is required to explore the potential association between beta-blockers and TA.
Keywords: Australia/epidemiology; adrenergic beta-antagonists/adverse effect; allergens/adverse effect; asthma/aetiology; asthma/drug therapy; asthma/epidemiology.
© 2019 Australasian College for Emergency Medicine.