Breadth and Depth: Three-Dimensional Endoscopic Field of View: Two-Dimensional Versus Three-Dimensional Endoscopic Field of View

World Neurosurg. 2019 Jul:127:e717-e721. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.03.247. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

Abstract

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) endoscopy is an emerging tool in ear-nose-throat (ENT) and skull base surgery with the benefit of providing real-time depth perception. Several investigators have reported that the field of view (FOV) is reduced in 3D endoscopes compared with regular 2-dimensional (2D) endoscopes. Thus, we objectively compared the FOV of 2D and 3D endoscopes.

Methods: Using a standard 2D and 2 different 3D ENT endoscopes, images were captured of 1-mm graph paper from a set distance of 6 cm. The FOV was calculated from these images and compared among the endoscopes.

Results: The VisionSense 3D endoscope had a slightly smaller FOV (9.1 cm vs. 10.1 cm; -9.9%), and the Karl Storz 3D endoscope showed a slightly larger FOV (10.4 cm vs. 10.1 cm; +3.0%). However, the results were complicated by the different-shaped images produced by the 3D endoscopes.

Conclusion: The differences in the FOV between the 2D and 3D endoscopes used in ENT surgery were not clinically significant. Thus, the FOV should not be considered a limitation of 3D technology.

Keywords: 3-Dimensional; Endoscopy; Skull base.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Depth Perception*
  • Humans
  • Imaging, Three-Dimensional / methods
  • Imaging, Three-Dimensional / standards*
  • Neuroendoscopy / methods
  • Neuroendoscopy / standards*
  • Neurosurgical Procedures / methods
  • Neurosurgical Procedures / standards
  • Skull Base / diagnostic imaging
  • Skull Base / surgery