Nanoparticle-based treatment has become a potential therapeutic approach. The nanosize of these particles provides them with unique physicochemical properties and enhances their interaction with the biological system. Nanomaterials have the potential to overcome some of the major issues in the clinical world which may include cancer treatment and may be utilised to resolve the major problem of drug resistance in infection control. These particles are being used to improve present therapeutics by virtue of their shape, size and diverse intrinsic as well as chemical properties. The authors have discussed the use of nanoparticles in cancer treatment, infections caused by multidrug-resistant microbial strains and biofilm inhibition along with the detailed description of the current status of nanomaterials in the field of medicine.