Herbal Medicinal Product Use During Pregnancy and the Postnatal Period: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective: To report the incidence and nature of herbal medicinal products' adverse events and herb-drug interactions used by some pregnant and postnatal women.

Data sources: The Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception until August 2018.

Methods of study selection: Any studies reporting adverse events, herb-drug interactions or absence thereof associated with herbal medicinal products used during pregnancy or the postnatal period were included. Conference abstracts, pilot studies, and nonhuman studies were excluded. All included studies were critically appraised by two independent reviewers.

Tabulation, integration and results: Database searches retrieved 3,487 citations. After duplicate removal and review of titles, abstracts, and full-text, 115 articles were critically appraised. After excluding irrelevant and low-quality articles, 74 articles were included for data extraction and synthesis. Adverse drug reactions, congenital malformations, fetal growth retardation or herb-drug interactions were the primary study objective reported by 19 of the 74 included studies, 16 cohort studies, one cross-sectional survey, and two randomized controlled trials. A total of 47 herbal medicinal products and 1,067,071 women were included in this review. Use of almond oil was associated with preterm birth (odds ratio 2.09, 95% CI 1.07-4.08), oral raspberry leaf was associated with cesarean delivery (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.47, 95% CI 1.45-8.28); heavy licorice use was associated with early preterm birth by 3.07-fold (95% CI 1.17-8.05). African herbal medicine mwanaphepo was associated with maternal morbidity (AOR 1.28; 95% CI 1.09-1.50), and neonatal death or morbidity. Fourteen studies reported absence of adverse events. Four studies reported herb-drug interactions, but none studied adverse events arising from them.

Conclusion: The use of herbal medicinal products during pregnancy and the postnatal period should be discouraged until robust evidence of safety is available.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, CRD42017081058.

Fig. 1.. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) flowchart.

Muñoz Balbontín. Safety of Herbal Medicines During and After Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2019.

Fig. 2.. Quality scores. Interventional studies (n=29) (A), observational studies (n=26) (B), and case reports (n=19) (C).

Muñoz Balbontín. Safety of Herbal Medicines During and After Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2019.

Fig. 3.. Forest plot for adverse events of herbal medicinal products. ^*Maternal morbidity includes cesarean delivery, assisted vaginal delivery, premature rupture of membranes, any postnatal morbidity, and any delivery problem. ^†Neonatal death or morbidity includes neonatal death, meconium-stained liquor, low birth weight, preterm birth, and any neonatal morbidity. OR, odds ratio; ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Muñoz Balbontín. Safety of Herbal Medicines During and After Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2019.