Role of autonomic dysfunction in the regulation of myocardial blood flow in systemic sclerosis evaluated by cardiac magnetic resonance

Abstract

Aim: Autonomic dysfunction (AD) is an early feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc). A regular endothelial function is a prerequisite for normal response of the myocardial blood flow (MBF) to cold pressure test (CPT). The aim of the study was to evaluate the relation between MBF and AD at rest and after CPT in asymptomatic SSc patients.

Methods: Twenty SSc patients and 10 age-, sex- and body mass index-matched healthy controls underwent cardiac magnetic resonance at rest and after CPT. All subjects underwent 24 hours ambulatory 3-channel electrocardiogram Holter to evaluate AD by heart rate variability.

Results: We did not observe any significant difference in MBF (mL/g/min) at rest and after CPT between SSc patients and healthy controls. Delta of MBF (difference between MBF after CPT and rest MBF) was lower (P = 0.039) in SSc patients than healthy controls (0.28 [0.04-0.40] vs 0.33 [0.24-0.54]). The low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) was higher (P = 0.002) in SSc patients than healthy controls (3 [1.7-6] vs 1.8 [1.1-2.8]). The high frequencies (HF), modulated mainly by paraympathetic system, was lower (P = 0.003) in SSc patients than healthy controls (30 [16-42] vs 36.5 [24-44]). Sympathetic hyperactivity, due to reduction of parasympathetic activity (HF), is present in SSc patients. A negative correlation was observed between Delta of MBF and LF/HF (r = -0.572, P = 0.0031).

Conclusion: AD, characterized by sympathovagal imbalance due to a reduced parasympathetic tone with high LF/HF ratio, could be responsible for the reduced myocardial vasodilatory response after CPT.

Keywords: autonomic dysfunction; cardiac Raynaud's phenomenon; cardiac magnetic resonance; myocardial blood flow; systemic sclerosis.