Background: Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common in emergency departments (ED). Guidelines recommend administration of inhaled bronchodilators, systemic corticosteroids and antibiotics along with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for patients with respiratory acidosis.
Aim: To determine compliance with guideline recommendations for patients treated for COPD in ED in Europe (EUR) and South East Asia/Australasia (SEA) and to compare management and outcomes.
Methods: In each region, an observational prospective cohort study was performed that included patients presenting to ED with the main complaint of dyspnoea during three 72-h periods. This planned sub-study included those with an ED primary discharge diagnosis of COPD. Data were collected on demographics, clinical features, treatment, disposition and in-hospital mortality. We determined overall compliance with guideline recommendations and compared treatments and outcome between regions.
Results: A total of 801 patients was included from 122 ED (66 EUR and 46 SEA). Inhaled bronchodilators were administered to 80.3% of patients, systemic corticosteroids to 59.5%, antibiotics to 44 and 60.6% of patients with pH <7.3 received NIV. The proportion administered systemic corticosteroids was higher in SEA (EUR vs SEA for all comparisons; 52 vs 66%, P < 0.001) as was administration of antibiotics (40 vs 49%, P = 0.02). Rates of NIV and mechanical ventilation were similar. Overall in-hospital mortality was 4.2% (SEA 3.9% vs EUR 4.5%, P = 0.77).
Conclusion: Compliance with guideline recommended treatments, in particular administration of corticosteroids and NIV, was sub-optimal in both regions. Improved compliance has the potential to improve patient outcome.
Keywords: COPD; dyspnoea; emergency department; management; outcome.